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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/22 10:44:16」(JST)
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Distichiae of the upper and lower lid of a dog
| Distichia |
| Classification and external resources |
| ICD-10 |
Q10.3 |
| ICD-9 |
743.63 |
| OMIM |
126300 |
| DiseasesDB |
33329 |
| eMedicine |
oph/603 |
A distichia is an eyelash that arises from an abnormal spot on the eyelid. The mutation affects dogs and humans. Distichiae usually exit from the duct of the meibomian gland at the eyelid margin. They are usually multiple and sometimes more than one arises from a duct. They can affect either the upper or lower eyelid and are usually bilateral. The lower eyelids of dogs usually have no eyelashes.[1] Distichiae usually cause no symptoms because the lashes are soft, but they can irritate the eye and cause tearing, squinting, inflammation, and corneal ulcers and scarring.[2] Treatment options include manual removal, electrolysis, electrocautery, cryotherapy, and surgery.
Contents
- 1 Commonly affected breeds
- 2 Ectopic cilia
- 3 In human beings
- 4 References
- 5 See also
Commonly affected breeds[edit source | edit]
In veterinary medicine, some canine breeds are affected by distichiasis more frequently than others:
- Cocker Spaniel
- Dachshund (especially the miniature longhaired Dachshund)
- Bulldog
- Pekingese
- Yorkshire Terrier
- Flat-Coated Retriever
- Shetland Sheepdog
- Poodle[3]
- Elo (dog)[4]
Ectopic cilia[edit source | edit]
An ectopic cilia is a special type of distichia. It is usually found in younger dogs. Commonly affected breeds include Poodles, Golden Retrievers, and Shih Tzus.[5] The eyelash exits through the conjunctiva of the eyelid facing toward the eye, usually at the middle of the upper eyelid. It can cause intense pain and corneal ulcers. Treatment is surgery or cryotherapy.
In human beings[edit source | edit]
|
This section requires expansion. (June 2011) |
Elizabeth Taylor as child actress, c. 1947
Elizabeth Taylor was born with the abnormality, although did not suffer any ill effects. Some have said that it enhanced the beauty of her eyes.[6] Although not a secret -- several biographies of Taylor make reference to this -- it did not become widely known by the public until after Taylor's death in 2011.
References[edit source | edit]
- ^ Brooks, Dennis E. (2005). "Ophthalmic Examination Made Ridiculously Simple". Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ "Eyelids: Conformational Abnormalities". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ Gelatt, Kirk N. (ed.) (1999). Veterinary Ophthalmology (3rd ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-683-30076-8.
- ^ Kaufhold J, Hamann H, Steinbach G, Gordon S, Brahm R, Grussendorf H, Rosenhagen C, Distl O (2006). "[Analysis of the prevalence of distichiasis in the dog breed Elo]". Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 119 (5-6): 233–7. PMID 16729470.
- ^ Ketring, Kerry I. (2006). "The Top Ten Ophthalmic Mistakes" (PDF). Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ Arthurs, Deborah. "The genetic mutation that gave Elizabeth Taylor lashings of sex appeal". Daily Mail (London).
See also[edit source | edit]
- Trichiasis
- Lymphedema distichiasis
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Congenital malformations and deformations of eyes (Q10–Q15, 743)
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| Adnexa |
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Eyelid
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- Ptosis
- Ectropion
- Entropion
- Distichia
- Blepharophimosis
- Ablepharon
- Marcus Gunn phenomenon
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|
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Lacrimal apparatus
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- Congenital lacrimal duct obstruction
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| Globe |
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Entire eye
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- Anophthalmia (Cystic eyeball, Cryptophthalmos)
- Microphthalmia
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Lens
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Iris
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Anterior segment
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Cornea
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- Keratoglobus
- Megalocornea
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Other
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- Buphthalmos
- Coloboma (Coloboma of optic nerve)
- Hydrophthalmos
- Norrie disease
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anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot
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proc, drug (S1A/1E/1F/1L)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- A retrospective survey of ocular abnormalities in pugs: 130 cases.
- Krecny M1, Tichy A, Rushton J, Nell B.
- The Journal of small animal practice.J Small Anim Pract.2015 Feb;56(2):96-102. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12291. Epub 2014 Nov 5.
- OBJECTIVES: To determine the types and frequency of ophthalmic findings in pugs.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of case records of pugs presented to an ophthalmology unit between 2001 and 2012. Ophthalmological findings were correlated with age, gender, presenting signs and time of ons
- PMID 25370448
- A five generation family with a novel mutation in FOXC2 and lymphedema worsening to hydrops in the youngest generation.
- Sargent C1, Bauer J, Khalil M, Filmore P, Bernas M, Witte M, Pearson MP, Erickson RP.
- American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2014 Nov;164A(11):2802-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36736. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
- We describe a five generation family with dominantly inherited lymphedema, but no distichiasis, in which 3/3 affected offspring in the fifth generation have died of fetal hydrops and related birth defects. Mutational analysis disclosed a novel mutation in FOXC2 (R121C) in affected members. We search
- PMID 25252123
Japanese Journal
- Defective valves and abdominal mural cell recruitment underlie lymphatic vascular failure in lymphedema distichiasis
Related Links
- Distichiasis is a rare disorder defined as the abnormal growth of lashes from the orifices of the meibomian glands on the posterior lamella of the tarsal plate (see following image).{file30765}Two types of distichiasis can be ...
- Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome is a condition that affects the normal function of the lymphatic system, which is a part of the circulatory and immune systems. The lymphatic system produces and transports fluids ...
Related Pictures
