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an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/10 12:25:07」(JST)

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Disaccharidases are glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that break down certain types of sugars called disaccharides into simpler sugars called monosaccharides. A genetic defect in one of these enzymes will cause a disaccharide intolerance, such as lactose intolerance or sucrose intolerance.

Examples of disaccharidases

Lactase (breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose)
Maltase (breaks down maltose into 2 glucoses)
Sucrase (breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose)
Trehalase (breaks down trehalose into 3 glucoses)

For a thorough scientific overview of small-intestinal disaccharidases, one can consult chapter 75 of OMMBID.^[1] For more online resources and references, see inborn error of metabolism.

References

^ Charles Scriver, Beaudet, A.L., Valle, D., Sly, W.S., Vogelstein, B., Childs, B., Kinzler, K.W. (Accessed 2007). The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. New York: McGraw-Hill. - Summaries of 255 chapters, full text through many universities. There is also the OMMBID blog.

Further reading

Poley, J. R.; Bhatia, M.; Welsh, J. D. (1978). "Disaccharidase deficiency in infants with cow's milk protein intolerance. Response to treatment". Digestion 17 (2): 97–107. doi:10.1159/000198100. PMID 627328.
Neale, G (1971). "Disaccharidase deficiencies". J Clin Pathol Suppl (R Coll Pathol) 5: 22–28. PMC 1176256.
Laws, J. W.; Neale, G. (1966). "Radiological diagnosis of disaccharidase deficiency". Lancet 2 (7455): 139–143. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(66)92424-X. PMID 4161630.
Laws, J. W.; Spencer, J.; Neale, G. (1967). "Radiology in the diagnosis of disaccharidase deficiency". The British journal of radiology 40 (476): 594–603. doi:10.1259/0007-1285-40-476-594. PMID 4952296.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における慢性下痢の原因の概要 overview of the causes of chronic diarrhea in children
2. 小児における腎結石症の疫学および危険因子 epidemiology of and risk factors for nephrolithiasis in children

English Journal

The ethanol extract of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves inhibits disaccharidase and glucose transport in Caco-2 cells.

Zhang Y1, Zhang H2, Wang F2, Yang D2, Ding K1, Fan J3.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2015 Apr 2;163:99-105. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.015. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The cortex and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. from the family Eucommiaceae are traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Roasted Eucommiae cortex is utilized to reinforce the muscles and lungs, lower blood pressure and improve the tone of the liver and kidneys, while Eu
PMID 25620383

Trehalose accumulation enhances tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to acetic acid.

Yoshiyama Y1, Tanaka K1, Yoshiyama K2, Hibi M3, Ogawa J4, Shima J5.
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.J Biosci Bioeng.2015 Feb;119(2):172-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.06.021. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
Trehalose confers protection against various environmental stresses on yeast cells. In this study, trehalase gene deletion mutants that accumulate trehalose at high levels showed significant stress tolerance to acetic acid. The enhancement of trehalose accumulation can thus be considered a target in
PMID 25060731

Functional significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the lactase gene in diverse US patients and evidence for a novel lactase persistence allele at -13909 in those of European ancestry.

Baffour-Awuah NY1, Fleet S, Montgomery RK, Baker SS, Butler JL, Campbell C, Tischfield S, Mitchell PD, Allende-Richter S, Moon JE, Fishman L, Bousvaros A, Fox V, Kuokkanen M, Grand RJ, Hirschhorn JN.
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.2015 Feb;60(2):182-91. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000595.
OBJECTIVES: Recent data from mainly homogeneous European and African populations implicate a 140-bp region 5' to the transcriptional start site of LCT (the lactase gene) as a regulatory site for lactase persistence and nonpersistence. Because there are no studies of US nonhomogeneous populations, we
PMID 25625576