WordNet

distinguishing characteristics (especially in different species of a genus)
unlike in nature or quality or form or degree; "took different approaches to the problem"; "came to a different conclusion"; "different parts of the country"; "on different sides of the issue"; "this meeting was different from the earlier one"
differing from all others; not ordinary; "advertising that strives continually to be different"; "this new music is certainly different but I dont really like it"
distinct or separate; "each interviewed different members of the community"
distinctly separate from the first; "thats another (or different) issue altogether"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(論理学で)種差(ある種が同じ属の他の種と区別される属性);本質的な相違点
『異なった』,違う / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『個々の』,別々の;『種種の』 / 《話》風変わりな

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/04 10:27:50」(JST)

wiki en

In Scholastic logic, differentia is one of the predicables. It is that part of a definition which is predicable in a given genus only of the definiendum; or the corresponding "metaphysical part" of the object.

Origin of the notion

The concept of differentia was, as a matter of fact, already employed by Plato when he conceived his method of diairesis. Aristotle used the term diafora in a systematical fashion; but he had no explicit theory about it and his understanding of the term is controversial. A theory was only provided by Porphyry's explicit treatment of the predicables presented in his Isagoge. On the basis of Boethius' translation of the Isagoge, where the Greek term diafora was rendered as in Latin as "differentia", evolved the elaborate Scholastic theory of the predicables.

Logical meaning

In the original, logical sense, a differentia is a kind of concept - so the notion of "differentia" is a second-order concept, or a "second intention", in the Scholastic nomenclature. In the scholastic theory it is a kind of essential predicate - that is, a predicate which belongs to its subjects de re necessarily. It is distinguished against the species by expressing the (specific) essence of the object only partially, and against the genus by expressing the determining rather than the determined part of the essence.

Ontological meaning

Although the primary meaning of "differentia" is logical or second-order, it may under certain assumptions have an ontological, first-order application. If it is assumed that the structuring of an essence into "determining" and "determinable" metaphysical parts (which corresponding to a differentia and a genus respectively) exists in reality independently of its being conceived, one can apply the notion "differentia" also to the determining metaphysical part itself, and not just to the concept that expresses it. This is common in Scotism, where the metaphysical parts are said to be formally distinct. If, on the other hand, any mind-independent structuring on the part of the essence is denied (like in Thomism or Suárezianism), then the partitioning of the essence into a generic and a differentiating part must be considered as merely conceptua, whereas the actual realities corresponding to the differentia and to the genus evade as really the same. These assumptions therefore do not permit any ontological application of the notion of differentia.

English Journal

Prospective Technology Assessment of Synthetic Biology: Fundamental and Propaedeutic Reflections in Order to Enable an Early Assessment.

Schmidt JC1.
Science and engineering ethics.Sci Eng Ethics.2015 Jul 10. [Epub ahead of print]
Synthetic biology is regarded as one of the key technosciences of the future. The goal of this paper is to present some fundamental considerations to enable procedures of a technology assessment (TA) of synthetic biology. To accomplish such an early "upstream" assessment of a not yet fully developed
PMID 26160061

Genetic polymorphism of 23 Y-STR loci in the Zhuang minority population in Guangxi of China.

Luo H1, Song F, Zhang L, Hou Y.
International journal of legal medicine.Int J Legal Med.2015 Jul;129(4):737-8. doi: 10.1007/s00414-015-1175-5. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
In the present study, 23 Y-STR loci (DYS576, DYS389I, DYS389 II, DYS448, DYS19, DYS391, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS438, DYS437, DYS570, DYS635, DYS390, DYS439, DYS392, DYS393, DYS458 DYS456, DYS643, YGATAH4, and DYS385ab) were investigated in 266 unrelated, healthy autochthonous individuals from the
PMID 25877764

[Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway mediated Salidroside induced directional differentiation from mouse mesenchymal stem cells to nerve cells].

Guo C, Liu R, Zhao HB, Qin GH.
Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine / Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he xue hui, Zhongguo Zhong yi yan jiu yuan zhu ban.Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi.2015 Mar;35(3):349-54.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecule mechanism of Salidroside inducing directional differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neuronal cells.METHODS: The mouse multipotent mesenchymal precursor cell line (D1) was taken as the objective. Cultured MSCs were divided into the negative con
PMID 25951643

Japanese Journal

教員志望学生の社会科授業プランになぜ違いが生じるのか : 教科指導力の育成のあり方に示唆するもの

学校教育実践学研究 20, 125-139, 2014
NAID 120005429999

Market Order v. Consumer Protection? : The differentia of two statutes

私法 -(74), 321-319, 2012
NAID 40019311594

B26 レーザー差動干渉計を用いた管内を伝播する圧縮波背後流れの測定に関する研究(B2圧縮性流れII)

日本機械学会九州支部講演論文集 2011(64), 55-56, 2011-03-17
NAID 110009666664

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拡張検索	「dedifferentiation」「inhibitor of differentiation protein 3」「differentiation stage」「cholinergic differentiation factor」
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