関: diatrizoate、diatrizoate meglumine

WordNet

street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"

PrepTutorEJDIC

酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/12/13 07:28:07」(JST)

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Diatrizoate, also known as amidotrizoate, is a contrast agent used during X-rays.^[1] This includes when visualizing veins, the urinary system, spleen, and joints, as well as during computer tomography (CT scan).^[1] It is given by mouth, injection into a vein, injection into the bladder, or rectally.^[2]^[3]

Relatively common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, and skin redness.^[4] Other side effects include itchiness, kidney problems, low blood pressure, and allergic reactions.^[1] It is not recommended in people who have an iodine allergy.^[1] Diatrizoate is an iodinated ionic radiocontrast agent with high osmolality.^[2]

Diatrizoate was approved for medical use in the United States in 1954.^[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.^[5] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 5.49 USD per 20 ml vial.^[6] In the United States a dose costs less than 25 USD.^[2]

Medical uses

Diatrizoic acid may be used as an alternative to barium sulfate for medical imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, such as upper gastrointestinal series and small bowel series. It is indicated for use in patients who are allergic to barium, or in cases where the barium might leak into the abdominal cavity. It does not coat the stomach/bowel lining as well as barium, so it is not used commonly for this purpose.

It is used for intravenous pyelography.

It is also used to treat Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworms).^[7]^[8] Diatrizoate may not actually kill Ascaris, but instead it promotes shifting of fluid in the bowel lumen, so may relieve intestinal obstruction caused by impacted Ascaris.^[9]

Administration

It is given intravenously to enhance contrast in computed tomography, to image the kidneys and related structures, and to image blood vessels.
It is given orally or by enema to image the gastrointestinal tract.
It is given by Foley catheter to image the urinary tract.

Contraindications

A history of sensitivity to iodine is not a contraindication to using diatrizoate, although it suggests caution in use of the agent. In this case, a regimen of oral or intravenous corticosteroids may be given as prophylaxis, or an alternative such as barium sulfate may be preferable.

Gastrografin is contraindicated to use along with certain medications that can cause lactic acidosis, such as metformin. Concurrent use may lead to renal failure and lactic acidosis, and a clinician may need to space the agents apart over a number of days to prevent an interaction.^[10]

Gastrografin is a hypertonic solution, and therefore it should be avoided in imaging studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients who are at risk of aspiration, as it will cause prompt pulmonary edema if accidentally introduced into the tracheobronchial tree.

Urografin is not to be used for myelography, ventriculography or cisternography, since it is likely to provoke neurotoxic symptoms in these examinations. ^[11]

Chemistry

Diatrizoate is considered a high-osmolality contrast agent. Its osmolality ranges from approximately 1500 mOsm/kg (50% solution)^[12] to over 2000 mOsm/kg (76% solution).^[13]

Brand names

Brand names include Hypaque, Gastrografin, MD-Gastroview, Iothalmate, and Urografin. Urografin is a combination of the sodium and meglumine salts.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. 316. ISBN 9789241547659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 171. ISBN 9781284057560.
^ Thomsen, Henrik; Muller, Robert N.; Mattrey, Robert F. (2012). Trends in Contrast Media. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 13. ISBN 9783642598142. Archived from the original on 2017-01-01.
^ ^a ^b "Diatrizoate Side Effects in Detail - Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
^ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ "Amidotrizoate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ Sood. Surgical Diseases in Tropical Countries. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. pp. 72–. ISBN 978-81-7179-444-7. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
^ Moshe Schein; Paul Rogers; Ahmad Assalia (2010). Schein's Common Sense Emergency Abdominal Surgery. Springer. pp. 391–. ISBN 978-3-540-74820-5. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-06-18. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
^ Micromedex Healthcare Series (November 2010). "DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE/DIATRIZOATE SODIUM". DRUGDEX. Thomson Reuters (Healthcare) Inc. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
^ Bayer New Zealand Limited (September 2007). "UROGRAFIN Urografin Corporate Core Text" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
^ Amersham Health (April 2006). "Hypaque sodium (Diatrizoate Sodium) injection, solution. Product label". DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2011-05-23. Retrieved 2007-03-29.
^ Amersham Health (April 2006). "Hypaque (Diatrizoate Meglumine and Diatrizoate Sodium) injection, solution. Product label". DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2011-05-23. Retrieved 2007-03-29.

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English Journal

Effect of oxidation and catalytic reduction of trace organic contaminants on their activated carbon adsorption.

Schoutteten KV1, Hennebel T2, Dheere E3, Bertelkamp C4, De Ridder DJ5, Maes S2, Chys M6, Van Hulle SW6, Vanden Bussche J7, Vanhaecke L7, Verliefde AR3.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2016 Dec;165:191-201. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.032. Epub 2016 Sep 18.
The combination of ozonation and activated carbon (AC) adsorption is an established technology for removal of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs). In contrast to oxidation, reduction of TrOCs has recently gained attention as well, however less attention has gone to the combination of reduction with A
PMID 27654222

Photodecomposition of iodinated contrast media and subsequent formation of toxic iodinated moieties during final disinfection with chlorinated oxidants.

Allard S1, Criquet J2, Prunier A3, Falantin C4, Le Person A2, Yat-Man Tang J5, Croué JP3.
Water research.Water Res.2016 Oct 15;103:453-61. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.050. Epub 2016 Jul 22.
Large amount of iodinated contrast media (ICM) are found in natural waters (up to μg.L(-)(1) levels) due to their worldwide use in medical imaging and their poor removal by conventional wastewater treatment. Synthetic water samples containing different ICM and natural organic matter (NOM) extracts
PMID 27498253

Elimination of radiocontrast agent diatrizoic acid by photo-Fenton process and enhanced treatment by coupling with electro-Fenton process.

Bocos E1,2, Oturan N2, Pazos M1, Sanromán MÁ1, Oturan MA3.
Environmental science and pollution research international.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.2016 Oct;23(19):19134-44. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7054-x. Epub 2016 Jun 28.
The removal of radiocontrast agent diatrizoic acid (DIA) from water was performed using photo-Fenton (PF) process. First, the effect of H2O2 dosage on mineralization efficiency was determined using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The system reached a maximum mineralization degree of 60 % total organi
PMID 27349786

Japanese Journal

ダブルバルーン内視鏡で虫体を摘出し得た小腸アニサキス症の1例

日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 = Gastroenterological endoscopy 55(1), 22-27, 2013-01-20
NAID 10031163743

薬物の化学構造と胆汁中排せつ　　ヨウ素系造影剤の摘出かん流肝臓ならびに?Eｉｎ　ｖｉｖｏ?Fにおける胆汁中排せつ

日本薬理学雑誌 76(5), 321-332, 1980
NAID 130000759225

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ジアトリゾ酸」「diatrizoate」

「ジアトリゾ酸」

Diatrizoate
Clinical data
Trade names	Hypaque, Gastrografin, Iothalmate, Urografin, others
Synonyms	amidotrizoic acid, diatrizoic acid, 3,5-diacetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3,5-Bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid;
CAS Number	737-31-5;
PubChem CID	2140;
DrugBank	DB00271;
ChemSpider	2055;
KEGG	D02240;
ChEBI	CHEBI:53691;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1201220;
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.840
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C11H9I3N2O4
Molar mass	613.92 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)O)I)NC(=O)C)I ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C11H9I3N2O4/c1-3(17)15-9-6(12)5(11(19)20)7(13)10(8(9)14)16-4(2)18/h1-2H3,(H,15,17)(H,16,18)(H,19,20) ; Key:YVPYQUNUQOZFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

　　[★]

英: diatrizoic acid、diatrizoate、diatrizoate meglumine
関: ジアトリゾ酸メグルミン

「diatrizoate」

　　[★]

ジアトリゾ酸

関: diatrizoate meglumine、diatrizoic acid

[WHO2008-1] WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. 316. ISBN 9789241547659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[Ric2015-2] Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 171. ISBN 9781284057560.

[3] Thomsen, Henrik; Muller, Robert N.; Mattrey, Robert F. (2012). Trends in Contrast Media. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 13. ISBN 9783642598142. Archived from the original on 2017-01-01.

[Drugs2016-4] "Diatrizoate Side Effects in Detail - Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2016.

[WHO19th-5] "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[ERC2014-6] "Amidotrizoate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[Sood-7] Sood. Surgical Diseases in Tropical Countries. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. pp. 72–. ISBN 978-81-7179-444-7. Retrieved 11 August 2010.

[ScheinRogers2010-8] Moshe Schein; Paul Rogers; Ahmad Assalia (2010). Schein's Common Sense Emergency Abdominal Surgery. Springer. pp. 391–. ISBN 978-3-540-74820-5. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2010.

[9] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-06-18. Retrieved 2016-07-28.

[10] Micromedex Healthcare Series (November 2010). "DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE/DIATRIZOATE SODIUM". DRUGDEX. Thomson Reuters (Healthcare) Inc. Retrieved 2010-11-10.

[11] Bayer New Zealand Limited (September 2007). "UROGRAFIN Urografin Corporate Core Text" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-04-02.

[12] Amersham Health (April 2006). "Hypaque sodium (Diatrizoate Sodium) injection, solution. Product label". DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2011-05-23. Retrieved 2007-03-29.

[13] Amersham Health (April 2006). "Hypaque (Diatrizoate Meglumine and Diatrizoate Sodium) injection, solution. Product label". DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2011-05-23. Retrieved 2007-03-29.

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diatrizoic acid