cutaneous larva migrans

皮膚幼虫移行症

関

creeping eruption、larva migrans、ocular larva migrans

WordNet

1. the immature free-living form of most invertebrates and amphibians and fish which at hatching from the egg is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose
2. relating to or existing on or affecting the skin; "cutaneous nerves"; "a cutaneous infection" (同)cutaneal, dermal

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (昆虫の)幼虫(青虫など) / (動物の)幼生(オタマジャクシなど)
2. 皮膚の,皮膚を冒す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/05/15 22:47:11」(JST)

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Cutaneous larva migrans
Typical "creeping eruption" associated with cutaneous larva migrans
Classification and external resources
Specialty	infectious disease
ICD-10	B76.9
ICD-9-CM	126.9
DiseasesDB	3263
MedlinePlus	001454
eMedicine	derm/91 ped/1278
MeSH	D007815

Cutaneous larva migrans (abbreviated CLM) is a skin disease in humans, caused by the larvae of various nematode parasites of the hookworm family (Ancylostomatidae). The most common species causing this disease in the Americas is Ancylostoma braziliense. These parasites live in the intestines of dogs, cats, and wild animals and should not be confused with other members of the hookworm family for which humans are definitive hosts, namely Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.

Colloquially called creeping eruption due to its presentation, the disease is also somewhat ambiguously known as "ground itch" or (in some parts of the Southern USA) "sandworms", as the larvae like to live in sandy soil. Another vernacular name is plumber's itch. The medical term CLM literally means "wandering larvae in the skin".

Cause

Hookworm eggs are shed in the infected dog (or other animal) feces to the ground and beach sand, where they then develop over a period of 1–2 weeks into the infectious larval form (filariform larvae). The filariform larvae can burrow through intact skin that comes into contact with soil or sand that is contaminated with feces. Although they are able to infect the deeper tissues of animals (through to the lungs and then the intestinal tract), humans are incidental hosts and the larvae are only able to penetrate the epidermis of the skin and thus create the typical wormlike burrows visible underneath the skin. These parasites apparently lack the collagenase enzymes required to penetrate through the basement membrane deeper into the dermal layers of the skin.

Symptoms

The infection causes a red, intensely pruritic (itchy) eruption. The itching can become very painful and if scratched may allow a secondary bacterial infection to develop. Cutaneous larva migrans usually heals spontaneously over weeks to months and has been known to last as long as one year. However, the severity of the symptoms usually causes those infected to seek medical treatment before spontaneous resolution occurs. Following proper treatment, migration of the larvae within the skin is halted and relief of the associated itching can occur in less than 48 hours (reported for thiabendazole).

This is separate from the similar cutaneous larva currens which is caused by Strongyloides. Larva currens is also a cause of migratory pruritic eruptions but is marked by 1) migratory speed on the order of inches per hour 2) perianal involvement due to autoinfection from stool and 3) a wide band of urticaria.

Treatment and prevention

CLM can be treated in a number of different ways:

• Systemic (oral) agents include albendazole (trade name Albenza) and ivermectin (trade name Stromectol)).
• Another agent which can be applied either topically or taken by mouth is thiabendazole (trade name Mintezol)), an anti-helminthic.
• Topical freezing agents, such as ethylene chloride or liquid nitrogen, applied locally can freeze and kill the larvae, but this method has a high failure rate because the larvae are usually located away from the site of the visible skin trails. Additionally, this is a painful method which can cause blistering and/or ulceration of the skin and it is therefore not recommended.
• It is recommended to use Benadryl or some anti-itch cream (i.e. Cortizone or Calamine lotion). This will help relieve some of the itch.
• Wearing shoes in areas where these parasites are known to be endemic offers protection from infection. In general, avoiding exposure of skin to contaminated soil or sand offers the best protection. In some areas dogs have been eradicated from beaches in an attempt to control human infection.

See also

• Dermatology
• Intestinal parasite
• Visceral larva migrans
• List of migrating cutaneous conditions

External links

• DermAtlas -1921851750

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 鉤虫関連皮膚幼虫移行症 hookworm related cutaneous larva migrans
• 2. 好酸球の生物学および好酸球増多症の原因 eosinophil biology and causes of eosinophilia
• 3. 帰国者の皮膚病変 skin lesions in the returning traveler
• 4. 駆虫薬療法 anthelminthic therapies
• 5. 鉤虫感染 hookworm infection

English Journal

• A case of cutaneous larva migrans.

• Zhang B, Wei L, Lin MA.
• International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2019 Apr;().
• PMID 30959248

• Efficacy of albendazole ointment on cutaneous larva migrans in a 2 years child.

• Alarcon-Soldevilla F, Gonzalez-Valverde FM, Alonso-Osmer EC, López-Ávila Á.
• Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica. 2019 04;37(4)281-282.
• PMID 29907365

• Autochthonous and persistent cutaneous larva migrans in an infant successfully treated by topic albendazole ointment.

• Robert MG, Faisant A, Cognet O, Rabodonirina M, Peyron F, Piquemal M, Mazet R, Pelloux H, Brenier-Pinchart MP.
• Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV. 2019 Apr;33(4)e163-e164.
• PMID 30468533

Japanese Journal

• マンソン孤虫症の 3 例 ―― PCR 法による原因寄生虫種の同定 ――

• 園崎 哲,大久保 優子,大嶺 卓也,宮城 拓也,苅谷 嘉之,山本 雄一,高橋 健造,上里 博
• 西日本皮膚科 78(5), 522-527, 2016
• <p>症例 1 は 58 歳，女性。症例 2 は 68 歳，男性。症例 3 は 56 歳，男性。各患者ともヘビ，カエル，ニワトリ，イノシシなどの生食はないという。3 症例中，1 例はマンソン弧虫症に典型的な皮下腫瘤であったが，症例 1，3 の皮疹は線状ないし帯状に配列する丘疹，紅斑の皮膚爬行疹を呈した。いずれの症例も病理組織学的に皮内にコッサ染色陽性の同心円状物質，いわゆる石灰小体をも …
• NAID 130005316162

• 症例報告 ホタルイカ生食による旋尾線虫幼虫type Xの皮膚幼虫移行症の1例

• 一角 直行,住田 奈穂子
• 臨床皮膚科 66(2), 166-170, 2012-02
• NAID 40019188450

• 症例 有棘顎口虫による幼虫移行症の1例

• 青笹 尚彦,常深 祐一郎,大藤 由佳 [他]
• 皮膚科の臨床 53(6), 887-890, 2011-06
• NAID 40018873470

Related Links

• Cutaneous Larva Migrans

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is the most common tropically acquired dermatosis whose earliest description dates back more than 100 years. Cutaneous larva migrans manifests as an erythematous, serpiginous, pruritic, cutaneous eruption caused by accidental percutaneous penetration and subsequent migration ...

• Cutaneous Larva Migrans - North Dakota Department of Health

2 General Cutaneous Cutaneous Larva Migrans Migrans (Creeping Eruption) is a cutaneous cutaneous eruption resulting from exposure of the skin to infective filariform filariform larvae of non-human hookworms and Strongyloides.

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「皮膚幼虫移行症」
関連記事	「cutaneous」「larva」「larva migrans」

「皮膚幼虫移行症」

　　[★]

英

(n

• cutaneous larva migrans

関

幼虫移行症、爬行性線状皮疹、眼幼虫移行症

「cutaneous」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 皮膚の、皮膚性の

関

cutaneously、cutis、dermal、skin

　 　

「larva」

　　[★]

幼生、幼虫

関

larvae、larval、maggot、tadpole

　 　

「larva migrans」

　　[★] 幼虫移行症、移行性幼虫、幼虫移行