cranial nerve disease

脳神経疾患、脳神経障害

関

cranial nerve disorder、cranial nerve palsy、cranial neuropathy、multiple cranial neuropathy

WordNet

1. an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
2. any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
3. caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological
4. of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain; "cranial pressure"
5. control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
2. 女性の話術芸人 =diseur
3. 〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
4. 病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)
5. 頭蓋(ずがい)の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/20 03:46:53」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Cranial nerve disease
Cranial nerves
Classification and external resources
Specialty	neurology
ICD-10	G50-G53
ICD-9-CM	350-352
DiseasesDB	17207
MeSH	D003389

Cranial nerve disease is an impaired functioning of one of the twelve cranial nerves. Although it could theoretically be considered a mononeuropathy, it is not considered as such under MeSH.

It is possible for a disorder of more than one cranial nerve to occur at the same time, if a trauma occurs at a location where many cranial nerves run together, such as the jugular fossa. A brainstem lesion could also cause impaired functioning of multiple cranial nerves, but this condition would likely also be accompanied by distal motor impairment.

A neurological examination can test the functioning of individual cranial nerves, and detect specific impairments.

Facial Nerve Palsy

The facial nerve is the seventh of 12 cranial nerves. This cranial nerve controls the muscles in the face. Facial nerve palsy is more abundant in older adults than in children and is said to affect 15-40 out of 100,000 people per year. This disease comes in many forms which include congenital, infectious, traumatic, neoplastic, or idiopathic. The most common cause of this cranial nerve damage is Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial palsy) which is a paralysis of the facial nerve. Although Bell's palsy is more prominent in adults it seems to be found in those younger than 20 or older than 60 years of age. Bell's Palsy is thought to occur by an infection of the herpes virus which may cause demyelination and has been found in patients with facial nerve palsy. Symptoms include flattening of the forehead, sagging of the eyebrow, and difficulty closing the eye and the mouth on the side of the face that is affected. The inability to close the mouth causes problems in feeding and speech. It also causes lack of taste, acrimation, and sialorrhea.

The use of steroids can help in the treatment of Bell's Palsy. If in the early stages, steroids can increase the likelihood of a full recovery. This treatment is used mainly in adults. The use of steroids in children has not been proven to work because they seem to recover completely with or without them. Children also tend to have better recovery rates than older adults. Recovery rate also depends on the cause of the facial nerve palsy (e.g. infections, perinatal injury, congenital dysplastic). If the palsy is more severe patients should seek steroids or surgical procedures. Facial nerve palsy may be the indication of a severe condition and when diagnosed a full clinical history and examination are recommended.

Although rare, facial nerve palsy has also been found in patients with HIV seroconversion. Symptoms found include headaches (bitemporal or occipital), the inability to close the eyes or mouth, and may cause the reduction of taste. Few cases of bilateral facial nerve palsy have been reported and is said to only effect 1 in every 5 million per year.

Examples

• Eyes
  • Oculomotor nerve palsy - Oculomotor nerve (III)
  • Fourth nerve palsy - Trochlear nerve (IV)
  • Sixth nerve palsy - Abducens nerve (VI)
• Other
  • Trigeminal neuralgia - Trigeminal nerve (V)
  • Facial nerve paralysis, Bell's palsy, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Central seven - Facial nerve (VII) (More on facial nerve palsy below)
  • Accessory nerve disorder - Accessory nerve (XI)

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 神経系のライム病 nervous system lyme disease
• 2. ライム病：小児における臨床症状 lyme disease clinical manifestations in children
• 3. ライム病の治療 treatment of lyme disease
• 4. ベル麻痺：成人における病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 bells palsy pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis in adults
• 5. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults

English Journal

• Nerve growth factor modulation of retinal ganglion cell physiology.

• Roberti G1, Mantelli F, Macchi I, Massaro-Giordano M, Centofanti M.
• Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 Sep;229(9):1130-3. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24573.
• Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an endogenous neurotrophin involved in the development, maintenance and regeneration of mammalian sympathetic and sensory neurons. Additionally, NGF is known to have trophic and differentiating activity on several populations of cholinergic neurons of the central nervous
• PMID 24501088

• Axonal and Transynaptic Spread of Prions.

• Shearin H1, Bessen RA2.
• Journal of virology.J Virol.2014 Aug 1;88(15):8640-8655. Epub 2014 May 21.
• Natural transmission of prion diseases depends upon the spread of prions from the nervous system to excretory or secretory tissues, but the mechanism of prion transport in axons and into peripheral tissue is unresolved. Here, we examined the temporal and spatial movement of prions from the brain ste
• PMID 24850738

• Neoplastic meningitis presenting with dysphagia and bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

• Dixon PR1, Alsaffar H, Symons SP, Enepekides D, Higgins KM.
• The Laryngoscope.Laryngoscope.2014 Aug;124(8):1912-4. doi: 10.1002/lary.24640. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
• Neoplastic meningitis is the infiltration of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space by tumor cells occurring in 3% to 5% of patients with systemic malignancies. Most cases present with multifocal neurological symptoms that vary according to the central nervous system territory involved. Here, we d
• PMID 24510714

Japanese Journal

• 舌下神経麻痺をきたした蝶形骨洞囊胞例

• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 109(2), 101-105, 2016
• NAID 130005121754

• 脳神経疾患患者の看護の講義を受けた学生の学び : 2013年度・2014年度学生の学びの比較

• インターナショナルnursing care research 14(1), 159-166, 2015-04
• NAID 40020465083

• 進行期の沖縄型神経原性筋萎縮症における舌および僧帽筋エコーの検討

• Neurosonology:神経超音波医学 28(3), 139-141, 2015
• NAID 130005124620

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「脳神経障害」「cranial neuropathy」「cranial nerve palsy」「multiple cranial neuropathy」「cranial nerve disorder」
関連記事	「disease」「cranial」「nerve」

「脳神経障害」

　　[★]

英

cranial neuropathy、cranial nerve disorder、cranial nerve disease

関

脳神経麻痺、脳ニューロパシー、脳ニューロパチー、脳神経疾患、多発性脳神経障害

「cranial neuropathy」

　　[★]

脳神経障害、脳ニューロパチー、脳ニューロパシー

関

cranial nerve disease、cranial nerve disorder、cranial nerve palsy、multiple cranial neuropathy

「cranial nerve palsy」

　　[★]

• 脳神経麻痺

関

cranial nerve disease、cranial nerve disorder、cranial nerve paralysis、cranial neuropathy、multiple cranial neuropathy

「multiple cranial neuropathy」

　　[★]

多発性脳神経障害

関

cranial nerve disease、cranial nerve disorder、cranial nerve palsy、cranial neuropathy

「cranial nerve disorder」

　　[★]

脳神経障害

関

cranial nerve disease、cranial nerve palsy、cranial neuropathy、multiple cranial neuropathy

「disease」

　　[★]

• n.

疾患：illnessより厳密な概念。「ある臓器に明確な障害が確認され、それによって症状が出ているとはっきり説明できる場合」 (PSY.9)

特定の原因、病態生理、症状、経過、予後、病理組織所見が全てそろった場合 (PSY.9)

• something that is very wrong with people's attitudes, way of life or with society.

関

ail、ailment、disease entity、disorder、ill、illness、malady、sick、sickness

• 注意

disease ≠ illness ≠ disorder

　 　 　

「cranial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 頭蓋の、頭側の

関

cephalad、crania、cranium、rostral、skull

　 　

「nerve」

　　[★]

• n.

• 神経

関

nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuro、neuron