WordNet
- constricted in size; "cramped quarters"; "trying to bring children up in cramped high-rise apartments"
- secure with a cramp; "cramp the wood"
- affect with or as if with a cramp
- suffer from sudden painful contraction of a muscle
- a strip of metal with ends bent at right angles; used to hold masonry together (同)cramp iron
- a clamp for holding pieces of wood together while they are glued
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 狭苦しい / (文字が)読みにくい
- 〈U〉〈C〉(筋肉の)けいれん,こむらがえり / 《複数形で》急激な腹痛 / …‘に'けいれんを起こさせる
- (また『cramp iron』)かすがい / 締め具,締め金 / …'を'かすがい(締め具)で締めつける / …'を'拘束する
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Preference for newspaper size.
- Tsang SN1, Hoffmann ER2, Chan AH1.Author information 1Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.2Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: erroldot@tpg.com.au.AbstractThe past few years has seen a change in the size of newspapers, with publishers moving to a smaller size format. Five 'standard' newspaper sizes are used in different countries: Broadsheet, Rhensch, Tabloid, Tall Tabloid and Berliner. These papers vary in both width and height of pages and hence there are implications for human reading comfort, which may be dependent on reading location such as on a lounge chair or on a train. Experiments were carried out to determine preferences for the different sizes and to relate these preferences to the geometric characteristics of the newspapers. For both comfortable and cramped/uncomfortable reading conditions, the rank order of preference for paper types was, from least to most-preferred, Broadsheet, Rhensch, Berliner, Tall Tabloid and Tabloid. Preferences were much stronger when determined in cramped/uncomfortable reading conditions, where most comparisons were significantly different. There was good correlation between participant ratings on several scales and preference, where most factors were related to comfort of holding and controlling the paper.
- Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2014 May;45(3):571-6. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.07.015. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
- The past few years has seen a change in the size of newspapers, with publishers moving to a smaller size format. Five 'standard' newspaper sizes are used in different countries: Broadsheet, Rhensch, Tabloid, Tall Tabloid and Berliner. These papers vary in both width and height of pages and hence the
- PMID 23987982
- DXR inhibition by potent mono- and disubstituted fosmidomycin analogues.
- Jansson AM1, Więckowska A, Björkelid C, Yahiaoui S, Sooriyaarachchi S, Lindh M, Bergfors T, Dharavath S, Desroses M, Suresh S, Andaloussi M, Nikhil R, Sreevalli S, Srinivasa BR, Larhed M, Jones TA, Karlén A, Mowbray SL.Author information 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University , Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.AbstractThe antimalarial compound fosmidomycin targets DXR, the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in the MEP pathway, producing the essential isoprenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. The MEP pathway is used by a number of pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and apicomplexan parasites, and differs from the classical mevalonate pathway that is essential in humans. Using a structure-based approach, we designed a number of analogues of fosmidomycin, including a series that are substituted in both the Cα and the hydroxamate positions. The latter proved to be a stable framework for the design of inhibitors that extend from the polar and cramped (and so not easily druggable) substrate-binding site and can, for the first time, bridge the substrate and cofactor binding sites. A number of these compounds are more potent than fosmidomycin in terms of killing Plasmodium falciparum in an in vitro assay; the best has an IC50 of 40 nM.
- Journal of medicinal chemistry.J Med Chem.2013 Aug 8;56(15):6190-9. doi: 10.1021/jm4006498. Epub 2013 Jul 17.
- The antimalarial compound fosmidomycin targets DXR, the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in the MEP pathway, producing the essential isoprenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. The MEP pathway is used by a number of pathogens, including Mycobacterium t
- PMID 23819803
- Surviving the aftershock: postearthquake access and adherence to HIV treatment among Haiti's tent residents.
- Ghose T1, Boucicaut E, King C, Doyle A, Shubert V.Author information 1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. toorjo@sp2.upenn.eduAbstractIn this research we examined how the conditions of Haiti's tent communities, inhabited by those displaced by the January 10, 2010, earthquake, shaped access and adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for Haitians with HIV. Conditions in the encampments were marked by unhygienic and cramped living spaces, exposure to the elements, a lack of privacy, unavailability of food and clean water, and a dependence on poorly functioning aid agencies. These conditions shaped access and adherence to HAART by (a) exacerbating the stigma of being HIV positive and undermining mental health; (b) presenting logistical challenges to accessing medical care, storing pills, and ingesting them safely and privately; and (c) sustaining a political economy of aid characterized by unequal treatment in major HAART-dispensing centers, unequal circulation of international funds, and the emergence of alternative medical institutions within encampments that could improve future treatment. Policy and intervention implications are discussed.
- Qualitative health research.Qual Health Res.2013 Apr;23(4):495-506. doi: 10.1177/1049732312469463. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
- In this research we examined how the conditions of Haiti's tent communities, inhabited by those displaced by the January 10, 2010, earthquake, shaped access and adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for Haitians with HIV. Conditions in the encampments were marked by unhygienic
- PMID 23258118
Japanese Journal
- Long-Range Testing of Welded Elbow Pipe Using the $\mathrm{T}(0,1)$ Mode Ultrasonic Guided Wave
- Nishino Hideo,Masuda Shuichi,Mizobuchi Yuki [他],Asano Tadashi,Yoshida Kenichi
- Jpn J Appl Phys 49(11), 116602-116602-6, 2010-11-25
- … A piezoelectric ring-shaped sensor system was cramped on one of the two straight parts in the straight-elbow-straight setting. …
- NAID 150000053333
- 都市の住宅ストックとしての3階建て戸建て住宅の現状と課題
- 田中 みさ子
- 大阪産業大学人間環境論集 9, 63-77, 2010-03
- … The results show that since plottage is narrow and cramped, barrier-free and other amenities are compromised, and clearly these houses lack functional elements to alleviate problems faced by their aging residents. …
- NAID 110007571878
- 1506 レール温度座屈時の変形局所化に関する研究(軌道構造,SS2:メンテナンス,コストダウン,第18回交通・物流部門大会(TRANSLOG2009))
- 田中 洋介,阿部 和久,西宮 裕騎,紅露 一寛
- 鉄道技術連合シンポジウム(J-Rail)講演論文集 2009(16), 223-226, 2009-12-02
- … A tangent rail is modeled by a straight Bernoulli-Euler beam cramped by sleepers. …
- NAID 110008010870
Related Links
- cramped - WordReference English-Japanese Dictionary.
- Synonyms for cramped at Thesaurus.com with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and definitions. Dictionary and Word of the Day.
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 同
- クランプ、有病性れん縮
- 関
- abdominal pain、convulse、convulsion、convulsive、jerk、muscle cramp、muscle spasm、muscle twitching、muscular cramp、myospasm、seizure、spasm、spastic、spasticity