cotransformation

• 同時形質転換

関

co-transform、cotransform

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/08 15:19:55」(JST)

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Cotransformation is the simultaneous transformation of two or more genes.

Only genes in the same chromosomal vicinity can be transformed; the closer together the genes lie, the more frequently they will be cotransformed. By contrast, genes sufficiently far apart that they cannot appear together on a fragment of donor DNA will almost never be cotransformed, because transformation is so inefficient that recipient cells usually take up only a single DNA.

Example

In one study of natural transformation, investigators isolated B. subtilis bacteria with two mutations—trpC2 and hisB2—that made them Trp- , His- auxotrophs. These double auxotrophs served as the recipient in the study, wild-type cells (Trp+ , His+ ) were the donors. In this study, the numbers of Trp+ and His+ transformants were equal. Further tests showed that 40 of every 100 Trp+ transferred colonies were also His+. Similarly, tests of the His+ transformants showed that roughly 40% are also Trp+ . Thus, in 40% of the analyzed colonies, the trpC+ and hisB+ genes had been cotransformed.

Explanation

Since during transformation, donor DNA replaces only a small percentage of the recipient’s chromosome, why are the two B.subtilis genes cotransformed with such high frequency? Because the trpC and hisB genes lie very close together on the chromosome and are thus genetically linked. Although the donor chromosome is fragmented into small pieces of about 20 kb during its extraction for the transformation process, the wild-type trpC+ and hisB+ alleles are so close that they often appear in the same donor DNA molecule. Sequence analysis shows that trpC and hisB genes are only about 7 kb apart.

References

• Hartwell L, Hood L, Goldberg ML, Reynolds AE, Silver LM, Veres R (2004). Genetics: from genes to genomes (Second ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. ISBN 0-07-291930-2. 

English Journal

• Trait stacking via targeted genome editing.

• Ainley WM, Sastry-Dent L, Welter ME, Murray MG, Zeitler B, Amora R, Corbin DR, Miles RR, Arnold NL, Strange TL, Simpson MA, Cao Z, Carroll C, Pawelczak KS, Blue R, West K, Rowland LM, Perkins D, Samuel P, Dewes CM, Shen L, Sriram S, Evans SL, Rebar EJ, Zhang L, Gregory PD, Urnov FD, Webb SR, Petolino JF.SourceDow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
• Plant biotechnology journal.Plant Biotechnol J.2013 Aug 19. doi: 10.1111/pbi.12107. [Epub ahead of print]
• Modern agriculture demands crops carrying multiple traits. The current paradigm of randomly integrating and sorting independently segregating transgenes creates severe downstream breeding challenges. A versatile, generally applicable solution is hereby provided: the combination of high-efficiency ta
• PMID 23953646

• Orally fed seeds producing designer IgAs protect weaned piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection.

• Virdi V, Coddens A, De Buck S, Millet S, Goddeeris BM, Cox E, De Greve H, Depicker A.SourceDepartment of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2013 Jul 16;110(29):11809-14. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1301975110. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
• Oral feed-based passive immunization can be a promising strategy to prolong maternal lactogenic immunity against postweaning infections. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-caused postweaning diarrhea in piglets is one such infection that may be prevented by oral passive immunization and might a
• PMID 23801763

• Reliable transient transformation of intact maize leaf cells for functional genomics and experimental study.

• Kirienko DR, Luo A, Sylvester AW.SourceDepartment of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA.
• Plant physiology.Plant Physiol.2012 Aug;159(4):1309-18. doi: 10.1104/pp.112.199737. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
• Maize (Zea mays) transformation routinely produces stable transgenic lines essential for functional genomics; however, transient expression of target proteins in maize cells is not yet routine. Such techniques are critical for rapid testing of transgene constructs and for experimental studies. Here,
• PMID 22706447

Japanese Journal

• Role of tktA Gene in Pentose Phosphate Pathway on Odd-Ball Biosynthesis of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in Transformant Escherichia coli Harboring phbCAB Operon(GENETICS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE ENGINEERING)

• Jung Young-Mi,Lee Jin-Nam,Shin Hyun-Dong [他],LEE YONG-HYUN
• Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 98(3), 224-227, 2004-09-25
• … The biosynthesis of PHB significantly increased up to 1.7-fold after the cotransformation of the phbCAB operon and tktA gene, due to the active supplementation of the precursor molecules, acetyl-CoA and NADPH. …
• NAID 110002665365

• Efficient Production of Transgenic Soybean using a Co-transformation Method

• Furutani Noriyuki,Hidaka Soh
• Breeding science 54(2), 91-98, 2004-06
• … In the whole process of cotransformation, the screening of transformants was effectively monitored by the expression of GFP. …
• NAID 110001803271

• Role of tktA Gene in Pentose Phosphate Pathway on Odd-Ball Biosynthesis of Poly-.BETA.-hydroxybutyrate in Transformant Escherichia coli Harboring phbCAB Operon

• JUNG YOUNG-MI,LEE JIN-NAM,SHIN HYUN-DONG,LEE YONG-HYUN
• Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 98(3), 224-227, 2004
• … The biosynthesis of PHB significantly increased up to 1.7-fold after the cotransformation of the phbCAB operon and tktA gene, due to the active supplementation of the precursor molecules, acetyl-CoA and NADPH. …
• NAID 130004056935

Related Links

• GENETICS 2: COTRANSFORMATION - YouTube

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• Cotransformation: Definition with Cotransformation Pictures ...

Definition of Cotransformation with photos and pictures, translations, sample usage, and additional links for more information. ... ¹ Source: wiktionary.com Cotransformation Pictures Click the following link to bring up a new window ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「co-transform」「cotransform」「同時形質転換」

「co-transform」

　　[★]

• 同時形質転換する

関

cotransform、cotransformation

• cotransform

「cotransform」

　　[★]

• 同時形質転換する

関

co-transform、cotransformation

「同時形質転換」

　　[★]

英

cotransformation、cotransform、co-transform