関: arcus corneae、arcus senilis

WordNet

a continuous portion of a circle
the transparent dome-shaped anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the iris and pupil and is continuous with the sclera
of or related to the cornea
a whitish deposit in the shape of an arc that is sometimes seen in the cornea (同)arcus_senilis

PrepTutorEJDIC

『弧』,円弧 / 電弧(2点間を弧状に流れる電流) / 弧を描く / 電弧を生じる
(眼球の)角膜
角膜の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/10 05:38:49」(JST)

wiki en

Arcus senilis (or arcus senilis corneae) is a white, grey, or blue opaque ring in the corneal margin (peripheral corneal opacity), or white ring in front of the periphery of the iris. It is present at birth, but then fades; however, it is quite commonly present in the elderly. It can also appear earlier in life as a result of hypercholesterolemia. Arcus senilis can be confused with the limbus sign, which reflects calcium rather than lipid deposits.

Alternative names

It is also called arcus adiposus, arcus juvenilis (when it occurs in younger individuals), arcus lipoides corneae or arcus cornealis; sometimes a gerontoxon.

Causes

It results from cholesterol deposits in or hyalinosis of the corneal stroma, and may be associated with ocular defects or with familial hyperlipidemia. It is common in the apparently healthy middle aged and elderly; a prospective cohort study of 12,745 Danes followed up for a mean of 22 years found that it had no clinical value as a predictor of cardiovascular disease.^[2]

It can be a sign of disturbance in lipid metabolism, an indicator of conditions such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia or hyperlipidemia.

Unilateral arcus is a sign of decreased blood flow to the unaffected eye, due to carotid artery disease or ocular hypotony.

People over the age of 60 may present with a ring-shaped, grayish-white deposit of phospholipid and cholesterol near the peripheral edge of the cornea.

Younger people with the same abnormality at the edge of the cornea would be termed arcus juvenilis.

References

^ Zech Jr, LA; Hoeg, JM (2008). "Correlating corneal arcus with atherosclerosis in familial hypercholesterolemia". Lipids in health and disease 7: 7. doi:10.1186/1476-511X-7-7. PMC 2279133. PMID 18331643.
^ Christoffersen, M; Frikke-Schmidt, R; Schnohr, P; Jensen, GB; Nordestgaard, BG; Tybjærg-Hansen, A (15 September 2011). "Xanthelasmata, arcus corneae, and ischaemic vascular disease and death in general population: prospective cohort study.". BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 343: d5497. doi:10.1136/bmj.d5497. PMC 3174271. PMID 21920887. Retrieved 27 November 2012.

External links

Photo at kumc.edu
Photo at hoppingeyeassociates.com
Photo at apollolipids.org
Definition at Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary

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English Journal

Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in Hong Kong Chinese. Study of 252 cases.

Hu M, Lan W, Lam CW, Mak YT, Pang CP, Tomlinson B.SourceDepartment of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2013 Aug 10;167(3):762-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.048. Epub 2012 Mar 30.
BACKGROUND: Earlier studies reported that Chinese subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH) living in Mainland China or in Western countries had lower plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and lower prevalence of xanthomata or coronary heart disease (CHD) th
PMID 22464486

[Familial hypercholesterolemia - do we think enough about this severe disease?].

Pećin I, Sućur N, Reiner Z.SourceZavod za bolesti metabolizma, Klinika za unutarnje bolesti Medicinskog fakulteta, Klinicki bolnicki centar Zagreb. ipecin@kbc-za-greb.hr
Lijec̆nic̆ki vjesnik.Lijec Vjesn.2013 May-Jun;135(5-6):145-9.
Familial hypercholesterolemia is the most common genetic metabolic disorder and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, in particular coronary heart disease (CHD). Gene mutations for LDL receptor, APOB or PCSK9 are the main causes of the disease. The incid
PMID 23898695

White rings: arcus lipoides.

Brenes JA.SourceDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. brenessalazar.jorge@mayo.edu
The American journal of medicine.Am J Med.2013 Feb;126(2):112-3. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.10.001.
PMID 23331436

Japanese Journal

プロブコール投与によるコレステロール負荷家兎の動脈硬化進展抑制作用ならびに角膜の変化について

野口善令,佐久間長彦,多田豊曠,及川理,平田宏之,松本康志,市川高義,池内玲子,吉川昌江,藤浪隆夫
動脈硬化 16(8), 1199-1210, 1989
… But the difference between group 1 and 2 was not significant (Table 1).2) Percentage surface area of plaques in group 1 (33±22%) was significantly lower than in group 2 (75±23%) (p<0.001) (Fig. 1).3) Histological study revealed a decrease in number of foam cells and spindle cells in atheromatous plaque in group 1 as compared with group 2 (Fig. 3-A, B).4) Corneal opacity with angiogenesis was observed in animals in group 1, but not in groups 3 and 4. …
NAID 130004883895

Broad-β bandを示す高脂血症患者にみられた新しいアポリポ蛋白の遺伝的変異種

末廣正,吉田健三,高松和永,川田益意,久武邦彦,安岡伸和,岸野和貴子,宇賀茂敏,水谷義晴,山野利尚,大野文俊
動脈硬化 14(3), 743-751, 1986
… On examination, xanthomas, corneal arcus and hepatosplenomegaly were not evident. …
NAID 130004883470

家族性高コレステロール血症における冠動脈病変の発現に及ぼす諸因子の検討

山下静也,川本俊治,中村正,野崎秀一,船橋徹,焦昇,原斉,藤岡滋典,中島忠久,上戸寛,亀田芳,広部一彦,松沢佑次,石川勝憲,山本章,垂井清一郎
動脈硬化 13(4), 993-1002, 1985
… into two groups in each sex with and without CHD, and we then compared between each group as to LDL receptor activities, serum lipids and lipoproteins, as well as clinical parameters such as Achilles tendon thickness (ATT), blood pressure and the incidence of corneal arcus, xanthelasma and tuberous xanthoma.There was no significant difference in serum total cholesterol levels between two groups with and without CHD in both sexes, whereas serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower and atherogenic indices significantly …
NAID 130004883282

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「老人環」「角膜環」
関連記事	「arc」「corneal」

「老人環」

Arcus senilis
	Four representative slides of corneal arcus - arcus deposits tend to start at 6 and 12 o'clock and fill in until becoming completely circumferential. There is a thin, clear section separating the arcus from the limbus, known as the lucid interval of Vogt. Image from Zech and Hoeg, 2008.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	ophthalmology
ICD-10	H18.4
ICD-9-CM	371.41
OMIM	107800
DiseasesDB	17120
MeSH	D001112
	[edit on Wikidata]