共通遺伝子系統、コンジェニック系

WordNet

become stretched or tense or taut; "the bodybuilders neck muscles tensed;" "the rope strained when the weight was attached" (同)tense
(psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress; "his responsibilities were a constant strain"; "the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him" (同)mental strain, nervous strain
(physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces
injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain
an intense or violent exertion (同)straining
use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity; "He really extended himself when he climbed Kilimanjaro"; "Dont strain your mind too much" (同)extend
showing signs of mental and emotional tension; "her voice was strained as she asked the question"

PrepTutorEJDIC

…‘を'『引っ張る』 / (使い過ぎて)〈体など〉‘を'『痛める』,弱める / …‘を'『最大限に働かせる』,精一杯使う / 〈意味・規則など〉‘を'曲げる,こじつける,拡大解釈する / 〈液体〉‘を'『こす』;(液体から)〈固形分〉‘を'こして取る《+『out(off)』+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / 全力を尽くす,懸命に努力する / ぱんと張る / 〈C〉〈U〉『張りつめること』,張る力 / 〈C〉『筋違い』,ねんざ,くじき / 〈U〉(精神的に,極度に)緊張,重荷,過労 / 〈C〉骨のおれる仕事,激務
〈C〉家系,血統,種族 / 〈C〉品種 / 〈U〉《しばしばa ~》(遺伝的な)性質,体質 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》《単数扱い》(音楽の)曲,一節 / 〈C〉口調,言い回し,文体
緊張した;疲れた / 不自然な,わざとらしい;こじつけの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/09 23:17:52」(JST)

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Not to be confused with congeners - see conspecificity.

In genetics, two organisms that differ in only one locus are defined as congenic^[1] or coisogenic.

Generating congenic strains[edit]

Congenic strains are generated in the laboratory by mating two inbred strains (usually rats or mice), and backcrossing the descendants 5-10 generations with one of the original strains, known as the recipient strain. Typically selection for either phenotype or genotype is performed prior to each backcross generation. In this manner either an interesting phenotype, or a defined chromosomal region assayed by genotype is passed from the donor strain onto an otherwise uniform recipient background. Congenic mice/rats can then be compared to the pure recipient strain to determine whether they are phenotypically different if selection was for a genotypic region, or to identify the critical genetic locus, if selection was for a phenotype.

Speed congenics can be produced in as little as 5 back cross generations,^[2] through the selection at each generation of offspring that not only retain the desired chromosomal fragment, but that also 'lose' the maximum amount of background genetic information from the donor strain. This is also known as 'Marker Assisted' congenics, due to the use of genetic markers (typically microsatellite markers, but now, more commonly, single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs). The process can be further aided by the superovulation of females, to produce many more eggs.

Notes and references[edit]

^ "Congenic - definition from Biology-Online.org". Biology-Online.org dictionary. Biology-Online.org. Retrieved 2006-09-25.
^ Markel P, Shu P, Ebeling C et al. (November 1997). "Theoretical and empirical issues for marker-assisted breeding of congenic mouse strains". Nat. Genet. 17 (3): 280–284. doi:10.1038/ng1197-280. PMID 9354790.

UpToDate Contents

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1. マウス遺伝子：育種戦略と遺伝子工学 mouse genetics breeding strategies and genetic engineering
2. ゲノミクスおよびモデルシステム genomics and model systems

English Journal

On the role of 5-HT1A receptor gene in behavioral effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Naumenko VS1, Kondaurova EM, Bazovkina DV, Tsybko AS, Il'chibaeva TV, Popova NK.
Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2014 Aug;92(8):1035-43. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23381. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Experiments were made on a congenic AKR.CBA-D13Mit76C (76C) mouse strain created by transferring a chromosome 13 fragment containing the 5-HT1A receptor gene from a CBA strain to an AKR background. It was shown that 76C mice differed from AKR mice by decreased 5-HT1A receptor and tryptophan hydroxyl
PMID 24706292

Identification of genomic locus responsible for experimentally induced testicular teratoma 1 (ett1) on mouse Chr 18.

Miyazaki T1, Ikeda Y, Kubo I, Suganuma S, Fujita N, Itakura M, Hayashi T, Takabayashi S, Katoh H, Ohira Y, Sato M, Noguchi M, Tokumoto T.
Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society.Mamm Genome.2014 Jul 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Spontaneous testicular teratomas (STTs) composed by various kinds of tissues are derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the fetal testes of the mouse. In contrast, intra-testicular grafts of the mouse strain (129/Sv-Ter (+/+)) fetal testes possessed the ability to develop the experimental test
PMID 24997020

Variable immune cell frequencies in peripheral blood of LEW.1AR1-iddm rats over time compared to other congenic LEW strains.

Arndt T1, Jörns A, Hedrich HJ, Lenzen S, Wedekind D.
Clinical and experimental immunology.Clin Exp Immunol.2014 Jul;177(1):168-78. doi: 10.1111/cei.12323.
The LEW.1AR1-iddm rat is an animal model of human type 1 diabetes (T1D), which arose through a spontaneous mutation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-congenic background strain LEW.1AR1. The LEW.1AR1-iddm rat is characterized by two phenotypes: diabetes development with a diabetes in
PMID 24628466

Japanese Journal

Susceptibility to flavivirus-specific antiviral response of Oas1b affects the neurovirulence of the Far-Eastern subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus

Yoshii Kentaro,Moritoh Kanako,Nagata Noriyo,Yokozawa Kana,Sakai Mizuki,Sasaki Nobuya,Kariwa Hiroaki,Agui Takashi,Takashima Ikuo
Archives of Virology 158(5), 1039-1046, 2013-05
… In this study, a congenic strain carrying a functional Oas1b gene, B6.MSM-Oas, was used to evaluate the pathogenicity of Far-Eastern TBEV. …
NAID 120005356861

CONGENIC STRAIN DIFFERENCES OF RENAL MALFORMATIONS IN ACI/MNA RATS BY INTROGRESSION OF THE CHROMOSOMAL REGION OF BUF/MNA RATS CONTAINING PUR1

Kato Kazuo,Haneda Chiemi,Matsuyama Mutsushi
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science 75(3-4), 251-254, 2013
NAID 120005322405

Bhlhe40, a potential diabetic modifier gene on Dbm1 locus, negatively controls myocyte fatty acid oxidation

Takeshita Shigeru,Suzuki Takao,Kitayama Susumu [他],MORITANI Maki,INOUE Hiroshi,ITAKURA Mitsuo
Genes & genetic systems 87(4), 253-264, 2012-08-25
… To discover diabetic modifier genes on Dbm1, we constructed congenic strain for Dbm1 using the Akita allele as donor in A/J allele genetic background, and compared diabetes-related phenotypes to control mice. … According to the analysis of sub-congenic strains, we narrowed down the responsible diabetic modifier region to 9 Mb. …
NAID 10031126618