conduction anesthesia

伝導麻酔

WordNet

1. the transmission of heat or electricity or sound (同)conductivity
2. loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness (同)anaesthesia

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (熱・電気の)伝導;(液体を)管などで導くこと

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/22 15:36:29」(JST)

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Local anesthesia
Intervention
MeSH	D000772

Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, that is, local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well. It allows patients to undergo surgical and dental procedures with reduced pain and distress. In many situations, such as cesarean section, it is safer and therefore superior to general anesthesia. It is also used for relief of non-surgical pain and to enable diagnosis of the cause of some chronic pain conditions. Anesthetists sometimes combine both general and local anesthesia techniques.

The following terms are often used interchangeably:

• Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin.
• Regional anesthesia is aimed at anesthetizing a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm.
• Conduction anesthesia is a comprehensive term, which encompasses a great variety of local and regional anesthetic techniques.

Medical

Main article: Local anesthetic

A local anesthetic is a drug that causes reversible local anesthesia and a loss of nociception. When it is used on specific nerve pathways (nerve block), effects such as analgesia (loss of pain sensation) and paralysis (loss of muscle power) can be achieved. Clinical local anesthetics belong to one of two classes: aminoamide and aminoester local anesthetics. Synthetic local anesthetics are structurally related to cocaine. They differ from cocaine mainly in that they have no abuse potential and do not act on the sympathoadrenergic system, i.e. they do not produce hypertension or local vasoconstriction, with the exception of Ropivacaine and Mepivacaine that do produce weak vasoconstriction.

Local anesthetics vary in their pharmacological properties and they are used in various techniques of local anesthesia such as:

• Topical anesthesia (surface)
• Infiltration
• Plexus block
• Epidural (extradural) block
• Spinal anesthesia (subarachnoid block)

Adverse effects depend on the local anesthetic agent, method, and site of administration and is discussed in depth in the local anesthetic sub-article, but overall, adverse effects can be:

1. localized prolonged anesthesia or paresthesia due to infection, hematoma, excessive fluid pressure in a confined cavity, and severing of nerves & support tissue during injection,
2. systemic reactions such as depressed CNS syndrome, allergic reaction, vasovagal episode, and cyanosis due to local anesthetic toxicity.
3. lack of anesthetic effect due to infectious pus such as an abscess.

Non-medical local anesthetic techniques

Local pain management that uses other techniques than analgesic medication include:

• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, which has been found to be ineffective for lower back pain, however, it might help with diabetic neuropathy.
• Pulsed radiofrequency, neuromodulation, direct introduction of medication and nerve ablation may be used to target either the tissue structures and organ/systems responsible for persistent nociception or the nociceptors from the structures implicated as the source of chronic pain.

See also

• Continuous wound infiltration

References

Citations

"Nerve damage associated with peripheral nerve block". Risks associated with your anaesthetic, (The Royal College of Anaesthetists). Section 12. January 2006. Retrieved 2007-10-10. 

External links

• New York School of Regional Anesthesia
• Anesthesia Books
• General information and tutorials in peripheral regional anesthesia
• [1] Free online manual of regional anaesthesia- John Hyndman
• Clinical Use of Peripheral Nerve Stimulators and The Neuromuscular Junction

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

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English Journal

• Number, size, conduction, and vasoconstrictor ability of unmyelinated fibers of the ovarian nerve in adult and aged rats.

• Hanada T, Uchida S, Hotta H, Aikawa Y.SourceDepartment of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
• Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical.Auton Neurosci.2011 Oct 28;164(1-2):6-12. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
• The effect of aging on the number, size, conduction velocity, and vasoconstrictive function of unmyelinated fibers in ovarian nerve accompanying the ovarian artery was studied in adult (4-7mo) and aged (28-31mo) rats. Morphological observation by electron microscopy showed that the ovarian nerve con
• PMID 21636330

• Comparison of ultrasound and nerve stimulation techniques for interscalene brachial plexus block for shoulder surgery in a residency training environment: a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded trial.

• Thomas LC, Graham SK, Osteen KD, Porter HS, Nossaman BD.SourceDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA.
• The Ochsner journal.Ochsner J.2011 Fall;11(3):246-52.
• BACKGROUND: The ability to provide adequate intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia for orthopedic shoulder surgery continues to be a procedural challenge. Anesthesiology training programs constantly balance the time needed for procedural education versus associated costs. The administ
• PMID 21960758

Japanese Journal

• A Hybrid Approach to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

• Quigley Robert L.
• Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 17(3), 273-276, 2011
• … Background: CRT (atrial-synchronized bi-ventricular pacing) has been shown to significantly improve the quality of life and exercise tolerance in patients with moderate-severe heart failure and an interventricular conduction delay (>120 msec) when compared to controls. … Every case was performed under general anesthesia with an arterial line and Foley catheter in the semi right lateral decubitous position. …
• NAID 130000727996

• アイゼンメンゲル症候群妊婦の子宮内膜掻爬術における傍頸管ブロックの1症例

• 堤 祐介,水野 樹,高田 真二 [他]
• 麻酔 59(3), 379-382, 2010-03
• NAID 40017017418

Related Links

• Local anesthesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing ... Conduction anesthesia is a comprehensive term, which encompasses a great variety of local and regional anesthetic ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「局所麻酔」「神経ブロック」「伝達麻酔」
関連記事	「anesthesia」「conduction」

「局所麻酔」

　　[★]

英

local anesthesia, regional anesthesia

関

全身麻酔、浸潤麻酔、局所麻酔薬、局所麻酔薬中毒

局所麻酔の様式

SPC.171

局所麻酔の様式		コカイン	リドカイン	テトラカイン	プロカイン	ブピバカイン	メピバカイン
表面麻酔	surface anesthesia	○	○	○				粘膜、角膜に浸透。皮膚からの浸透は悪い。 外傷、潰瘍、火傷への使用は注意を要する
浸潤麻酔	infiltration anesthesia		○		○	○		皮下や筋肉内に注射してまわりに浸潤させ 小手術部の知覚を麻痺させる
伝導麻酔	conduction anesthesia		○		○	○		神経管、神経叢、神経節の周囲に注射して 伝導を遮断する
硬膜外麻酔	epidural anesthesia		○			○	○	硬膜外腔に注入して脊髄神経が椎間孔を 出たところで伝導を遮断する。術後や癌の痛み
脊髄麻酔	spinal anesthesia			○	○	○		L2-S1の間で局所麻酔薬をクモ膜下腔に投与し、 脊椎神経の伝導を遮断

「神経ブロック」

　　[★]

英

nerve block

同

伝達麻酔 conduction anesthesia, regional block

関

麻酔

「伝達麻酔」

　　[★]

英

conduction anesthesia

関

神経ブロック、麻酔

「anesthesia」

　　[★]

• n.

• 麻酔、 感覚消失、 無感覚、 無知覚、 知覚脱失

　

「conduction」

　　[★]

• n.

• 伝導、導通

関

conduct