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abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ
undergo hypertrophy; "muscles can hypertrophy when people take steroids"

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(生物体の部分・器官の)異常肥大,異常発達
賠償の,償いの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/20 11:00:54」(JST)

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Size of a normal pig kidney (left) compared to a solitary pig kidney (right).

Compensatory growth is a type of regenerative growth that can take place in a number of human organs after the organs are either damaged, removed, or cease to function.^[1] Additionally, increased functional demand can also stimulate this growth in tissues and organs.^[2] The growth can be a result of increased cell size (compensatory hypertrophy) or an increase in cell division (compensatory hyperplasia) or both.^[3] For instance, if one kidney is surgically removed, the cells of other kidney divide at an increased rate.^[1] Eventually, the remaining kidney can grow until its mass approaches the combined mass of two kidneys.^[1] Along with the kidneys, compensatory growth has also been characterized in a number of other tissues and organs including:

the adrenal glands^[4]^[5]
the heart^[5]^[6]
muscles^[5]
the liver^[5]^[7]
the lungs^[8]
the pancreas (beta cells and acinar cells)^[7]
the mammary gland^[5]
the spleen (where bone marrow and lymphatic tissue undergo compensatory hypertrophy and assumes the spleen function during spleen injury)^[5]
the testicles^[5]
the thyroid gland^[5]^[9]

A large number of growth factors and hormones are involved with compensatory growth, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood and probably varies between different organs.^[1] Nevertheless, angiogenic growth factors which control the growth of blood vessels are particularly important because blood flow significantly determines the maximum growth of an organ.^[1]

Compensatory growth may also refer to the accelerated growth following a period of slowed growth, particularly as a result of nutrient deprivation.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Widmaier E. P., Raff H., and Strang K. T. (2006). Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms Of Body Function (10 ed.). Boston, Mass: McGraw-Hill Companies. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-07-282741-5.
^ Goss, R. (1965). "Kinetics of Compensatory Growth". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 40: 123–146. doi:10.1086/404538. PMID 14338253.
^ "compensatory growth (biology) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Retrieved 10 June 2011.
^ Swale Vincent (1912). Internal secretion and the ductless glands. Arnold. p. 150. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Francis Delafield; Theophil Mitchell Prudden (1907). A text-book of pathology with an introductory section on post-mortem examinations and the methods of preserving and examining diseased tissues. William Wood and Company. pp. 61–62. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
^ M. I. Gabriel Khan (5 December 2005). Encyclopedia of heart diseases. Academic Press. pp. 493–494. ISBN 978-0-12-406061-6. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
^ ^a ^b Anthony Atala (2008). Principles of regenerative medicine. Academic Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 978-0-12-369410-2. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
^ Rannels, D. (1989). "Role of physical forces in compensatory growth of the lung". The American journal of physiology. 257 (4 Pt 1): L179–L189. PMID 2679138.
^ Harold Clarence Ernst (1919). The Journal of medical research. p. 199. Retrieved 10 June 2011.

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4. 心電図チュートリアル：心室拡大および心室肥大 ecg tutorial chamber enlargement and hypertrophy
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