WordNet

act so as to bring into existence; "effect a change"
a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of the anesthetic"
(of a law) having legal validity; "the law is still in effect" (同)force
the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work (同)essence, burden, core, gist
an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect"
produce; "The scientists set up a shock wave" (同)effectuate, set_up
property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business; "she left some of her personal effects in the house"; "I watched over their effects until they returned" (同)personal_effects
a small column (or structure resembling a column) that is a part of a plant or animal

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉〈U〉『結果』 / 〈C〉〈U〉(…への)『効果』,効きめ,影響《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉(色・音・形などの)印象,感銘 / 《複数形で》品物;身の回り品;動産,財産 / (結果として)…‘を'『もたらす』;〈目的など〉‘を'果たす,遂行する

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1. 高プロラクチン血症の臨床症状および評価 clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia
2. 早期興奮症候群における副伝導路の解剖学、病態生理、および局在 anatomy pathophysiology and localization of accessory pathways in the preexcitation syndrome
3. 心不全の予後 prognosis of heart failure
4. 心不全患者における利尿剤の使用 use of diuretics in patients with heart failure
5. HIV感染における単純ヘルペスウイルスの影響：HIV予防の意味 effect of herpes simplex virus on hiv infection implications for hiv prevention

English Journal

An alternative technique to define and visualize columellar and nasal tip vectors. Improvement of mestizo nose.

Castro-Govea Y1, Salazar-Lozano A2, Vázquez-Costilla O2, Chacón Moreno H2, García Pérez M2, Lozada Vázquez R2.Author information 1Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Service, "Dr. Jose E. González" University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Electronic address: goveayanko@hotmail.com.2Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Service, "Dr. Jose E. González" University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.AbstractBACKGROUND: With some frequency, in mestizo rhinoplasty, we focus much of our attention on the nasal tip. This work also highlights the importance of obtaining a proper balance of the columella, achieving a pleasing visual effect of the vector lines that make up the nasal profile (columella and nasal tip vectors).
American journal of otolaryngology.Am J Otolaryngol.2013 Nov 7. pii: S0196-0709(13)00261-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2013.10.012. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: With some frequency, in mestizo rhinoplasty, we focus much of our attention on the nasal tip. This work also highlights the importance of obtaining a proper balance of the columella, achieving a pleasing visual effect of the vector lines that make up the nasal profile (columella and nasa
PMID 24406117

Comparative study of nasoalveolar molding methods: nasal elevator plus DynaCleft® versus NAM-Grayson in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Monasterio L, Ford A, Gutiérrez C, Tastets ME, García J.AbstractObjective : To compare nasoalveolar molding (NAM) effect employing a nasal elevator plus DynaCleft® and NAM-Grayson system in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Method : Prospective study in two groups. Group A included 20 consecutive patients treated with DynaCleft® and a nasal elevator before lip surgery. Group B included 20 patients treated with NAM-Grayson system. Maxillary casts and standard view photographs were done before and after treatment. Columella deviation angle, soft tissue distance of the cleft, intercommisural distance, and nostril height and width were traced and measured on the printed photos; a ratio was obtained and compared before and after treatment. Cleft width, anterior width, and anteroposterior distances were measured on the maxillary cast. Results : Group A began treatment at an average age of 14.3 days and group B at an average age of 16.9 days; no complications were observed. For group A, the initial average alveolar cleft within the cast was 10.7 mm, and after treatment it was 6.6 mm. For group B, pretreatment width was 11.2 mm, and after treatment it was 5.9 mm. No differences were found on the anterior and posterior width, and A-P distance of both groups. The initial mean columellar angle in group A was 38.1°, and after treatment it was 61.5°; for group B the initial mean columellar angle was 33.6°, and after treatment it was 59.5°. Results of Mann-Whitney U and Student's t tests showed no differences (P > .05). Width and height dimensions of the nostril showed minor differences. Conclusions : Both methods significantly reduced the cleft width and improved the nasal asymmetry. Our findings show that both methods produced similar results.
The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association.Cleft Palate Craniofac J.2013 Sep;50(5):548-54. doi: 10.1597/11-245. Epub 2012 Aug 20.
Objective : To compare nasoalveolar molding (NAM) effect employing a nasal elevator plus DynaCleft® and NAM-Grayson system in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Method : Prospective study in two groups. Group A included 20 consecutive patients treated with DynaCleft® and a nas
PMID 22906392

Presurgical orthopaedic nasoalveolar molding in cleft lip and palate infants: a comparative evaluation of cases done with and without nasal stents.

Punga R1, Sharma SM2.Author information 1Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Vyas Dental College & Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India ; J-12/62 Rajouri Garden, New Delhi, 110027 India.2Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka India.AbstractAddressing the craniofacial anomaly of cleft lip and palate presurgically has been done since more than 50 years now, with a constant improvisation of the treatment protocols from time to time. The present study deals with a modification of the technique devised 16 years ago. The effect of nasal stents attached to a pre-surgical naso-alveolar molding (PNAM) appliance on the nasal morphology achieved prior to primary surgical correction of the cleft lip was to be evaluated. Twenty subjects, infants with cleft lip and palate, less than 2 months of age were selected for presurgical nasoalveolar molding treatment. Impressions were recorded, casts made and PNAM appliance fabricated. Ten infants were given the appliance without nasal stents and to the other ten appliances nasal stents were added. The patients were recalled every 2-3 weeks and a series of 9 measurements were recorded every visit along with adjustments made to the appliance for desirable effects on the lip, alveolus and nose. This was carried out till the patient was taken up for lip repair. The final measurements obtained at the end of the presurgical treatment were recorded. Mann-Whitney test, between study and control group showed that the increase in the columella length was statistically significant (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.033) in the study group as compared to the control group. Also the increase of the nasal tip projection (mean = 1.30 mm) in the study group was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.006) as compared to the control group. We concluded that nasal stents attached to the alveolar molding appliance, yield significant improvement of the nasal morphology and better nasal aesthetics presurgically.
Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery.J Maxillofac Oral Surg.2013 Sep;12(3):273-88. doi: 10.1007/s12663-012-0434-y. Epub 2012 Sep 18.
Addressing the craniofacial anomaly of cleft lip and palate presurgically has been done since more than 50 years now, with a constant improvisation of the treatment protocols from time to time. The present study deals with a modification of the technique devised 16 years ago. The effect of nasal s
PMID 24431854

Japanese Journal

唇裂外鼻変形患者における鼻修正術に関する比較研究

柳善烈
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 55(11), 545-552, 2009-11-20
… The present study was aimed to examine and compare the effect of Straiths alar web Z-plasty, Millards alar web Z-plasty, alar web excision, and lateral V-Y advancement of the alar base for augmentation of the nostril with or without lengthening the columella in CLND.The subjects were 28 patients with unilateral cleft lip, who had secondary nostril correction. … By using Adobe photoshop, the columella length and the nostril width were measured from the facial frontal photograph and Worms eye view. …
NAID 10027091281

Nasal airway resistance and septal deviation in unilateral cleft lip and palate.

澤田正樹,一色信彦
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 82(1), 109-118, 1989
… Cleft lip nose deformity alone had a negative effect on nasal air-passages, especially on the side of the cleft. … Patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate usually have characteristic nasal deformities, including nostril flattening, afar base ptosis and deviation of the nasal columella. …
NAID 130001811043

聴力に及ぼす耳漏の影響に関する研究

朝比奈久雄
日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 69(9), 1567-1582, 1966
… From the above results, it was concluded that the improvement of hearing by exudate in the middle ear cavity in cases of chronic supprative otitis media might be due to columella effect and screening effect of the exudate, under the condition that the round window and stapes moved normally. …
NAID 130000803324