WordNet

unconscious from a blow or shock or intoxication; "the boxer was out cold"; "pass out cold"
a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?" (同)common_cold
the sensation produced by low temperatures; "he shivered from the cold"; "the cold helped clear his head" (同)coldness
without compunction or human feeling; "in cold blood"; "cold-blooded killing"; "insensate destruction" (同)cold-blooded, inhuman, insensate
sexually unresponsive; "was cold to his advances"; "a frigid woman" (同)frigid
lacking originality or spontaneity; no longer new; "moth-eaten theories about race"; "stale news" (同)stale, dusty, moth-eaten
(color) giving no sensation of warmth; "a cold bluish grey"
extended meanings; especially of psychological coldness; without human warmth or emotion; "a cold unfriendly nod"; "a cold and unaffectionate person"; "a cold impersonal manner"; "cold logic"; "the concert left me cold"
feeling or showing no enthusiasm; "a cold audience"; "a cold response to the new play"
having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration; "a cold climate"; "a cold room"; "dinner has gotten cold"; "cold fingers"; "if you are cold, turn up the heat"; "a cold beer"
having lost freshness through passage of time; "a cold trail"; "dogs attempting to catch a cold scent"
lacking the warmth of life; "cold in his grave"
marked by errorless familiarity; "had her lines cold before rehearsals started"
of a seeker; far from the object sought
so intense as to be almost uncontrollable; "cold fury gripped him"
an antibody that causes agglutination of a specific antigen
a pass between mountain peaks (同)gap

PrepTutorEJDIC

『寒い』,冷たい;冷えた,冷やした / (性格・態度などが)『冷たい』,冷淡な,熱意のない;無情な,冷酷な / (物事が)人をがっかりさせる,つまらない / (色調が)冷たい,寒色の / (獲物のにおい臭が)かすかな,弱い / 《話》(打撃などで)意識を失った,失神した / 完全に,全く / 〈U〉《しばしばthe~》『寒さ』,寒け,冷たさ / 〈C〉,時に〈U〉『かぜ』,感冒
凝集素(赤血球などの凝集反応を起こす抗体)
(山脈の)鞍部(あんぶ),山あい

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/08/22 14:47:58」(JST)

wiki en

Cold agglutinin disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of high concentrations of circulating antibodies, usually IgM, directed against red blood cells.^[1] It is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, specifically one in which antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28–31 °C.

Cold agglutinin disease was first described in 1957.^[2]^[3]

Cause

Cold agglutinin disease can be either primary (arising spontaneously) or secondary (a result of another pathology).

The primary form is caused by excessive cell proliferation^[4] of B lymphocytes.^[5]
Secondary cold agglutinin disease is a result of an underlying condition.
- In adults, this is typically due to a lymphoproliferative disease such as lymphoma and chronic lymphoid leukemia, or infection. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia may also be positive for cold agglutinins.
- In children, cold agglutinin disease is often secondary to an infection, such as Mycoplasma pneumonia, mononucleosis, and HIV.

Pathophysiology

All individuals have circulating antibodies directed against red blood cells, but their concentrations are often too low to trigger disease (titers under 64 at 4 °C). In individuals with cold agglutinin disease, these antibodies are in much higher concentrations (titers over 1000 at 4 °C).

At body temperatures of 28–31 °C, such as those encountered during winter months, and occasionally at body temperatures of 37 °C, antibodies (generally IgM) bind to the polysaccharide region of glycoproteins on the surface of red blood cells (typically the I antigen, i antigen, and Pr antigens). Binding of antibodies to red blood cells activates the classical pathway of the complement system. If the complement response is sufficient, red blood cells are damaged by the membrane attack complex, an effector of the complement cascade. In the formation of the membrane attack complex, several complement proteins are inserted into the red blood cell membrane, forming pores that lead to membrane instability and intravascular hemolysis (destruction of the red blood cell within the blood vessels).

If the complement response is insufficient to form membrane attack complexes, then extravascular lysis will be favored over intravascular red blood cell lysis. In lieu of the membrane attack complex, complement proteins (particularly C3b and C4b) are deposited on red blood cells. This opsonization enhances the clearance of red blood cell by phagocytes in the liver, spleen, and lungs, a process termed extravascular hemolysis.

Individuals with cold agglutinin disease present with signs and symptoms of hemolytic anemia. Those with secondary agglutinin disease may also present with an underlying disease, often autoimmune.

Treatment

Avoid cold weather.
Treat the underlying lymphoma.
No cold drinks; all drinks should be at room temperature (or above).
Requires heater to maintain temperature in cold places.

Treatment with rituximab has been described.^[6]

References

^ Cold Agglutinin Disease at eMedicine
^ Gertz, Moric A (2006). "Cold agglutinin disease". Haematologica. 91 (4): 439–41. PMID 16585009.
^ Dacie, J. V.; Crookston, J. H.; Christenson, W. N. (1957). "‘Incomplete’ Cold Antibodies: Role of Complement in Sensitization to Antiglobulin Serum by Potentially Haemolytic Antibodies". British Journal of Haematology. 3 (1): 77–87. PMID 13413095. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1957.tb05773.x.
^ Berentsen, Sigbjørn; Tjønnfjord, Geir E. (2012). "Diagnosis and treatment of cold agglutinin mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia". Blood Reviews. 26 (3): 107–15. PMID 22330255. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2012.01.002.
^ Berentsen, Sigbjørn; Randen, Ulla; Tjønnfjord, Geir E. (2015). "Cold Agglutinin-Mediated Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia". Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 29 (3): 455–71. PMID 26043385. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2015.01.002.
^ Berentsen, Sigbjørn; Ulvestad, Elling; Gjertsen, Bjørn Tore; Hjorth-Hansen, Henrik; Langholm, Ruth; Knutsen, Håvar; Ghanima, Waleed; Shammas, Fuad Victor; Tjønnfjord, Geir E. (2004). "Rituximab for primary chronic cold agglutinin disease: a prospective study of 37 courses of therapy in 27 patients". Blood. 103 (8): 2925–8. PMID 15070665. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-10-3597.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. Cold agglutinin disease
2. 自己免疫性溶血性貧血の病因：寒冷凝集素症 pathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia cold agglutinin disease
3. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in children: Classification, clinical features, and diagnosis
4. 成人における肺炎マイコプラズマ感染症 mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in adults
5. 小児における溶血性貧血の概要 overview of hemolytic anemias in children

English Journal

Wheat Fhb1 encodes a chimeric lectin with agglutinin domains and a pore-forming toxin-like domain conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight.

Rawat N1, Pumphrey MO2, Liu S3, Zhang X4, Tiwari VK1, Ando K2, Trick HN5, Bockus WW5, Akhunov E5, Anderson JA4, Gill BS1.
Nature genetics.Nat Genet.2016 Oct 24. doi: 10.1038/ng.3706. [Epub ahead of print]
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat and barley that leads to reduced yield and mycotoxin contamination of grain, making it unfit for human consumption. FHB is a global problem, with outbreaks in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia and Sou
PMID 27776114

Occlusive Nonvasculitic Vasculopathy: A Review.

Llamas-Velasco M1, Alegría V, Santos-Briz Á, Cerroni L, Kutzner H, Requena L.
The American Journal of dermatopathology.Am J Dermatopathol.2016 Oct 18. [Epub ahead of print]
We review the most characteristic clinical and histopathologic findings of the cutaneous manifestations of the occlusive nonvasculitic vasculopathic disorders. Clinically, most of these conditions are characterized by retiform purpura. Histopathologic findings consist of occlusion of the vessel lumi
PMID 27759698

Combined integrated protocol/basket trial design for a first-in-human trial.

Derhaschnig U1,2, Gilbert J3, Jäger U4, Böhmig G5, Stingl G6, Jilma B7.
Orphanet journal of rare diseases.Orphanet J Rare Dis.2016 Oct 4;11(1):134.
BACKGROUND: Innovative trial designs are sought to streamline drug development in rare diseases. Basket- and integrated protocol designs are two of these new strategies and have been applied in a handful oncologic trials. We have taken the concept outside the realm of oncology and report about a fir
PMID 27716293

Japanese Journal

特発性慢性寒冷凝集素症におけるカラム凝集法を用いた疾患活動性の評価

冨田孝子,橋本ひろみ,小西和吾,藤本ひろみ,森本和秀,久保田義則,平山園子,南陽介,大幡真也,顔邦男,杉本健
日本輸血細胞治療学会誌 61(3), 422-426, 2015
【背景】カラム凝集法での裏検査の偽陽性反応の程度が特発性慢性寒冷凝集素症の疾患活動性を表すかどうかについて，症例の経過を観察することにより検討した．【症例】80歳，女性．貧血と胸部の紅斑を主訴とした．特発性慢性寒冷凝集素症の診断のもと，治療としてステロイド投与及びシクロスポリンの投与を行った．経過中に胸部の紅斑は一過性に減少し，再びやや増加した．補体値は一過性の増加を認めたが，この時期に寒冷凝集素 …
NAID 130005088379

骨髄異形成症候群の同種造血幹細胞移植後再発に合併した冷式自己免疫性溶血性貧血

岡村浩史,中根孝彦,藤野恵三 [他],康史郎,吉村卓朗,西本光孝,林良樹,康秀男,中尾吉孝,中前博久,日野雅之
臨床血液 56(4), 412-417, 2015
… 我々はMDSに冷式自己免疫性溶血性貧血（cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 冷式AIHA）を合併した症例を経験した。 …
NAID 130005069842

小リンパ球性リンパ腫治療中にBendamustineで貧血が改善した寒冷凝集素症

久野雅智,井上敦司,相本瑞樹 [他],中尾隆文,亀田和明,吉田全宏,金島広,平井学,山根孝久
臨床血液 56(2), 204-209, 2015
… 2004年に特発性の寒冷凝集素症(cold agglutinin disease, CAD)と診断され，保温安静とステロイド投与にて冬季6 g/dl, 夏季8 g/dl程度のヘモグロビン値を維持されていた。 …
NAID 130004920709

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「寒冷凝集素」
関連記事	「cold」「COLD」「agglutinin」

「寒冷凝集素」

Cold agglutinin disease
	Cold agglutination - at body temperature, the antibodies do not attach to the red blood cells. At lower temperatures, however, the antibodies react to Ii antigens, bringing the red blood cells together, a process known as agglutination
Classification and external resources
Specialty	hematology
ICD-10	D59.1
ICD-9-CM	283.0
DiseasesDB	2949
eMedicine	med/408
MeSH	D000744
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: cold agglutinin
同: 寒冷赤血球凝集素 cold hemagglutinin、寒冷自発凝集素 cold autoagglutinin
関: 寒冷凝集素症、Ii血液型、寒冷凝集素価

「cold」

　　[★]

adj.

寒い、冷たい、寒気がする。冷やした、冷えた(opp.hot)。加熱せずに処理する
冷たくなった、死んでいる
冷静な。冷淡な。よそよそしい。(やっと抑えている)激しい(怒り)。不感症の。気を滅入らせる、寒々とした
興ざましの、つまらない。気乗りのしない。(味が)弱い
客観的な(事実)

「COLD」

　　[★]

同: chronic obstructive lung disease, 慢性閉塞性肺疾患

「agglutinin」

　　[★]

n.

凝集素、アグルチニン

[urlCold_Agglutinin_Disease:_Overview_-_eMedicine_Pediatrics:_General_Medicine-1] Cold Agglutinin Disease at eMedicine

[pmid16585009-2] Gertz, Moric A (2006). "Cold agglutinin disease". Haematologica. 91 (4): 439–41. PMID 16585009.

[pmid13413095-3] Dacie, J. V.; Crookston, J. H.; Christenson, W. N. (1957). "‘Incomplete’ Cold Antibodies: Role of Complement in Sensitization to Antiglobulin Serum by Potentially Haemolytic Antibodies". British Journal of Haematology. 3 (1): 77–87. PMID 13413095. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1957.tb05773.x.

[4] Berentsen, Sigbjørn; Tjønnfjord, Geir E. (2012). "Diagnosis and treatment of cold agglutinin mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia". Blood Reviews. 26 (3): 107–15. PMID 22330255. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2012.01.002.

[5] Berentsen, Sigbjørn; Randen, Ulla; Tjønnfjord, Geir E. (2015). "Cold Agglutinin-Mediated Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia". Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 29 (3): 455–71. PMID 26043385. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2015.01.002.

[pmid15070665-6] Berentsen, Sigbjørn; Ulvestad, Elling; Gjertsen, Bjørn Tore; Hjorth-Hansen, Henrik; Langholm, Ruth; Knutsen, Håvar; Ghanima, Waleed; Shammas, Fuad Victor; Tjønnfjord, Geir E. (2004). "Rituximab for primary chronic cold agglutinin disease: a prospective study of 37 courses of therapy in 27 patients". Blood. 103 (8): 2925–8. PMID 15070665. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-10-3597.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

cold agglutinin