WordNet

street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"

PrepTutorEJDIC

酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/26 10:24:20」(JST)

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Clodronic acid (INN) or clodronate disodium (USAN) is a first generation (non-nitrogenous) bisphosphonate. It is an anti-osteoporotic drug approved for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women and men to reduce vertebral fractures, hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia in malignancy, multiple myeloma and fracture related pain because of its potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects shown as a reduction in inflammatory markers like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-alfa.

An Italian study compared the analgesic effect of clodronic acid versus acetaminophen in rheumatic condition related pain. Study result show a reduction in pain in favor of clodronic acid that provided more analgesia than 3 grams/day of acetaminophen. Clodronate is also used in experimental medicine to selectively deplete macrophages.

Clodronic acid is approved for human use in Canada and Australia, the United Kingdom, where it is marketed as Bonefos, Loron, Clodron and in Italy as Clasteon, Difosfonal, Osteostab and several generics. In other countries is prescribed as a bone resorption inhibitor and antihypercalcemic agent.

Use in equine medicine

Clodronic acid is approved for use in horses under the trade name Osphos, for treatment of navicular syndrome. It is given by intramuscular injection, with the total dose divided into 3 sites on the horse. Clinical effects may not be seen for up to 2 months, and horses may need treatments repeated every 3 to 6 months.

Adverse reactions and contraindications

Osphos has been shown to have several adverse effects. These include:^[1]

Signs of discomfort, agitation, or colic, usually within 2 hours of treatment.
Head shaking
Lip licking

References

^ U.S. Food and Drug Administration. "FDA Provides Equine Veterinarians with Important Information about TILDREN and OSPHOS for Navicular Syndrome in Horses". http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/ResourcesforYou/ucm406581.htm. Missing or empty |url= (help); |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

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UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

[New drugs for horses and production animals in 2015].

Emmerich IU1.
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere.Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere.2016 Jun 16;44(3):164-70. doi: 10.15653/TPG-160400. Epub 2016 May 24.
In 2015, four newly developed active pharmaceutical ingredients for horses and food-producing animals were released on the German market for veterinary drug products. These were the bisphosphonate Clodronic Acid (Osphos®), the 5-hydroxytryptamine (2A) receptor antagonist Ketanserin (Vulketan®), th
PMID 27223124

The M2 macrophages induce autophagic vascular disorder and promote mouse sensitivity to urethane-related lung carcinogenesis.

Li GG1, Guo ZZ1, Ma XF1, Cao N1, Geng SN1, Zheng YQ1, Meng MJ1, Lin HH1, Han G2, Du GJ3.
Developmental and comparative immunology.Dev Comp Immunol.2016 Jun;59:89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.01.010. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
Tumor vessels are known to be abnormal, with typically aberrant, leaky and disordered vessels. Here, we investigated whether polarized macrophage phenotypes are involved in tumor abnormal angiogenesis and what is its mechanism. We found that there was no difference in chemotaxis of polarized M1 and
PMID 26806760

Classically Activated Macrophages Protect against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury by Expressing Amphiregulin in Mice.

Xu Y1, Meng C, Liu G, Yang D, Fu L, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Xia H, Yao S, Zhang S.
Anesthesiology.Anesthesiology.2016 May;124(5):1086-99. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001026.
BACKGROUND: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) activated into M1 phenotype are involved in the development of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury (ALI). However, whether AMs express amphiregulin and what roles amphiregulin plays in lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI remain poorly understood.METHODS: Ac
PMID 26808632

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「クロドロン酸」「clodronate」「sodium clodronate hydrate」

「クロドロン酸」

Clodronic acid
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(dichloro-phosphono-methyl)phosphonic acid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	10596-23-3
ATC code	M05BA02
PubChem	CID: 25419
DrugBank	DB00720
ChemSpider	23731
UNII	0813BZ6866
KEGG	D03545
ChEBI	CHEBI:110423
ChEMBL	CHEMBL12318
Chemical data
Formula	CH4Cl2O6P2
Molecular mass	244.892 g/mol
	SMILES ClC(Cl)(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH4Cl2O6P2/c2-1(3,10(4,5)6)11(7,8)9/h(H2,4,5,6)(H2,7,8,9) ; Key:ACSIXWWBWUQEHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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