WordNet

any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/09 16:53:42」(JST)

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Biology

A clastogen in biology is a mutagenic agent giving rise to or inducing disruption or breakages of chromosomes, leading to sections of the chromosome being deleted, added, or rearranged.^[1] This process is a form of mutagenesis, and can lead to carcinogenesis, as cells that are not killed by the clastogenic effect may become cancerous. Known clastogens include acridine yellow, benzene, ethylene oxide, arsenic, phosphine and mimosine. Exposure to clastogens increases frequency of abnormal germ cells in paternal males, contributing to developmental effects in the fetus upon fertilization.

Illustrative sentence: "This leads to the conclusion that a chemical that fails to induce a significant response in an in vitro clastogenicity assay is unlikely to be clastogenic in vivo, in bone marrow assays."^[2]

Geology

The term "clastogenic" in volcanic eruptions refers to causing a particular type of ejecta.

Illustrative sentence: "The complex features of this eruption can be explained by rapid deposition of coarse pyroclasts near the vent and the subsequent flowage of clastogenic lavas which were accompanied by a high eruption plume generating pumice falls and/or pyroclastic flows."^[3]

References

^ Rosefort C., Fauth E., Zankl H.: Micronuclei induced by aneugens and clastogens in mononucleate and binucleate cells using cytokinesis block assay. Mutagenesis 19, pp. 277-284 (2004)
^ Rose, John. (1988). Environmental Toxicology: Current Developments, p. 64.
^ Yasui, Maya and Takehiro Koyaguchi. "Sequence and eruptive style of the 1783 eruption of Asama Volcano, central Japan: a case study of an andesitic explosive eruption generating fountain-fed lava flow, pumice fall, scoria flow and forming a cone," Journal Bulletin of Volcanology (Kasan). Vol. 66, No. 3 (March 2004). pp. 243-262.

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English Journal

Rapid detection and quantification of dietary mutagens in food using mass spectrometry and ultra performance liquid chromatography.

Zaidi R, Kumar S, Rawat PR.SourceDepartment of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India. Electronic address: ranaamu@yahoo.com.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2012 Dec 15;135(4):2897-903. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.065. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
Meat is universally consumed as human diet across the globe. More than 24 different types of food mutagens have been identified till date from cooked meat products. Their study therefore assumes a greater significance from the point of view of the worldwide problem of cancer. Using rapid ultra perfo
PMID 22980887

Species-specific differences in the inhibition of human and zebrafish 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by thiram and organotins.

Meyer A, Strajhar P, Murer C, Da Cunha T, Odermatt A.SourceSwiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Toxicology.Toxicology.2012 Nov 15;301(1-3):72-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.07.001. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
Dithiocarbamates and organotins can inhibit enzymes by interacting with functionally essential sulfhydryl groups. Both classes of chemicals were shown to inhibit human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2), which converts active cortisol into inactive cortisone and has a role in renal and
PMID 22796344

Japanese Journal

Multi-endpoint genotoxic assay using L5178Y (Tk^<+/-> -3.7.2c) cells

Ogawa Izumi,Furukawa Satoshi,Abe Masayoshi,Tanaka Yoshinori,Hayashi Seigo,Usuda Koji
Journal of toxicological sciences 34(5), 547-553, 2009-10-01
… However, it was found to be difficult to clearly judge this in the case of caffeine known as a clastogen lacking the potential of point mutation. …
NAID 110007358573

ゼブラフィッシュを用いた小核試験の検討

上田高嘉,高瀬圭子,林真
宇都宮大学教育学部紀要. 第2部 54, 5-15, 2004-03-10
魚類の細胞遺伝毒性を指標にした水質汚染モニタリングの検討を行っている。基礎的データを得るため、染色体異常誘発物質であるマイトマイシンC(MMC)の水浴処理によるゼブラフィッシュ(Danio rerio)の鰓細胞に対する小核誘発特性について検討を行った。MMCの濃度は10-500μg/ml、処理時間は3時間あるいは24時間、処理および飼育温度は26.5-28.5℃であった。MMCの濃度に依存して小核 …
NAID 110004688896