関: hog cholera、swine fever

WordNet

of or relating to the study of the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome; " a classical scholar"
of or relating to the most highly developed stage of an earlier civilisation and its culture; "classic Cinese pottery" (同)classic
of or pertaining to or characteristic of the ancient Greek and Roman cultures; "classical mythology"; "classical (同)classic, Greco-Roman, Graeco-Roman, Hellenic
(language) having the form used by ancient standard authors; "classical Greek
a creation of the highest excellence
an artist who has created classic works
a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection (同)febrility, febricity, pyrexia, feverishness
intense nervous anticipation; "in a fever of resentment"
highly excited; "a fevered imagination"
stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals

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古典の;古典時代の;古典様式の / (文学・芸術において)古典主義の(簡潔で調和を保ち洗練されているのが特徴) / (ジャズ・フォークなどに対して主として20世紀初頭までの)古典派の / (新奇な・実験的なものではなく)伝統的な,正統的な / (専門科目に対して)教養科目の
(一つの分野の中で)『規範となる』,典型的な;第1級の / 伝統的な,由緒のある(traditional) / (型・様式などについて)単純で洗練された / 古典の;古典的な(classical) / 〈C〉(一つの分野の中で)『規範』(『模範』)『となる作品』,代表作 / 〈C〉代表的芸術家,古典的作家 / 《the classics》《しばしばC-》古典文学 / 〈C〉伝統的な(由緒ある)行事
〈U〉《しばしばa fever》(身体の異常な)『熱』,発熱 / 〈U〉『熱病』 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に対する)『興奮』,熱狂《+『for』+『名』》
(比較変化なし)《名詞の前にのみ用いて》熱のある,熱病にかかった / 熱にうかされたような,興奮した / (憎しみなどが)異常に強い
《米》《集合的に》豚(pig)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/04 08:48:28」(JST)

wiki en

Classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera (also sometimes called pig plague based on the German word Schweinepest) is a highly contagious disease of swine (Old World and New World pigs).^[1]

Clinical signs

Swine fever causes fever, skin lesions, convulsions, and usually (particularly in young animals) death within 15 days.

The signs are indistinguishable from those of African swine fever.

Immunization

A small fraction of the infected pigs may survive and are rendered immune. Artificial immunization procedures were first developed by Marion Dorset.^[2]^[3]

Epidemiology

The disease is endemic in much of Asia, Central and South America, and parts of Europe and Africa.^[4] It was believed to have been eradicated in the United Kingdom by 1966 (according to the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs), but an outbreak occurred in East Anglia in 2000. It was eradicated in the USA by 1978, according to the United States Department of Agriculture.

Other regions believed free of CSF include Australia, Canada (1962), Ireland, New Zealand, and Scandinavia.

Virus

Pinpoint hemorrhages on the kidneys are characteristic of classical swine fever.

The infectious agent responsible is a virus CSFV (previously called hog cholera virus) of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae.^[1]^[5] CSFV is closely related to the ruminant pestiviruses that cause bovine viral diarrhoea and border disease.^[6]

The effect of different CSFV strains varies widely, leading to a wide range of clinical signs. Highly virulent strains correlate with acute, obvious disease and high mortality, including neurological signs and hemorrhages within the skin.

Less virulent strains can give rise to subacute or chronic infections that may escape detection, while still causing abortions and stillbirths. In these cases, herds in high-risk areas are usually serologically tested on a thorough statistical basis.

Infected piglets born to infected but subclinical sows help maintain the disease within a population. Other signs can include lethargy, fever, immunosuppression, chronic diarrhoea, and secondary respiratory infections. The incubation period of CSF ranges from 2 to 14 days, but clinical signs may not be apparent until after 2 to 3 weeks. Preventive state regulations usually assume 21 days as the outside limit of the incubation period. Animals with an acute infection can survive 2 to 3 months before their eventual death.

Eradicating CSF is problematic. Current programmes revolve around rapid detection, diagnosis, and slaughter. This may possibly be followed by emergency vaccination (ATCvet codes: QI09AA06 for the inactivated viral vaccine, QI09AD04 for the live vaccine). Vaccination is only used where the virus is widespread in the domestic pig population and/or in wild or feral pigs. In the latter case, a slaughter policy alone is usually impracticable. Possible sources for maintaining and introducing infection include the wide transport of pigs and pork products, as well as endemic CSF within wild boar and feral pig populations.

Diagnosis

Direct immunofluorescence—detection of virus in histological edges
Indirect immunofluorescence—detection of specific antibodies from sera
ELISA
Histology of the brain shows vasculoendothelial proliferation and perivascular cuffing (cuffing is highly suggestive when accompanied by other signs, but is not pathonomonic for the disease).

References

^ ^a ^b Classical Swine Fever, The Center for Food Security and Public Health / The Institute for International Cooperation in Animal Biologics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, update September 2009.
^ [1], Marion Dorset: American Biochemist/Colleen Farrell 2002
^ [2], Marion Dorset/National Agricultural Hall of Fame
^ Arzt et. al. (2010). "Agricultural Diseases on the Move Early in the Third Millennium". Veterinary Pathology 47: 15–27. doi:10.1177/0300985809354350.
^ http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/3945.html Archived August 22, 2003, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Rumenapf and Thiel (2008). "Molecular Biology of Pestiviruses". Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.

External links

CSF page of Pig Disease Information Centre (UK)
Current status of Classical Swine Fever worldwide at OIE. WAHID Interface - OIE World Animal Health Information Database
Disease card
European Commission Animal Health & Welfare on CSF
The Institute of Virology (Hannover) Reference Laboratory for CSF
Department for Environment Food and Rurual Affairs (UK) on CSF
International Veterinary Training talks about CSF
The USDA's APHIS on CSF
The Pig Site talks about swine fevers
Vetgate CSF notes & resources
Animal viruses

UpToDate Contents

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1. 周期性発熱症候群およびその他の自己炎症性疾患：概要 periodic fever syndromes and other autoinflammatory diseases an overview
2. 免疫能の正常な患者における発熱および発疹 fever and rash in the immunocompetent patient
3. 成人における不明熱の病因 etiologies of fever of unknown origin in adults
4. 成人における不明熱に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with fever of unknown origin
5. 術後発熱 postoperative fever

English Journal

Heat shock protein 70 is associated with CSFV NS5A protein and enhances viral RNA replication.

Zhang C1, Kang K1, Ning P1, Peng Y1, Lin Z1, Cui H1, Cao Z1, Wang J1, Zhang Y2.
Virology.Virology.2015 Aug;482:9-18. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.014. Epub 2015 Mar 30.
The non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is proven to be involved in viral replication and can also modulate cellular signaling via to its ability to interact with various cellular proteins. Here, HSP70/NS5A complex formation is confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation an
PMID 25827528

Ligand-responsive RNA mechanical switches.

Boerneke MA1, Hermann T.
RNA biology.RNA Biol.2015 Jul 9:0. [Epub ahead of print]
Ligand-responsive RNA mechanical switches represent a new class of simple switching modules that adopt well-defined ligand-free and bound conformational states, distinguishing them from metabolite-sensing riboswitches. Initially discovered in the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of hepatitis C vi
PMID 26158858

The swine CD81 enhances E2-based DNA vaccination against classical swine fever.

Li W1, Mao L2, Zhou B3, Liu X2, Yang L2, Zhang W2, Jiang J4.
Vaccine.Vaccine.2015 Jul 9;33(30):3542-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.055. Epub 2015 Jun 4.
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and economically important viral disease that affects the pig industry worldwide. The glycoprotein E2 of CSFV can induce neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity, and is widely used for novel vaccine development. The objective of this study w
PMID 26051512

Japanese Journal

Surveillance of classical swine fever in wild boar in South Korea from 2010–2014

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(12), 1667-1671, 2015
NAID 130005115343

Surveillance of classical swine fever in wild boar in South Korea from 2010–2014

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
NAID 130005087932

Virology : Analysis of a pair of END⁺ and END⁻ viruses derived from the same bovine viral diarrhea virus stock reveals the amino acid determinants in N[pro] responsible for inhibition of type I interferon production

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(5), 511-518, 2015
NAID 130005071888

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