WordNet
- the legal status of a person who is alive but who has been deprived of the rights and privileges of a citizen or a member of society; the legal status of one sentenced to life imprisonment
- of or occurring within the state or between or among citizens of the state; "civil affairs"; "civil strife"; "civil disobedience"; "civil branches of government"
- of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals; "civil rights"; "civil liberty"; "civic duties"; "civic pride" (同)civic
- not rude; marked by satisfactory (or especially minimal) adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others; "even if he didnt like them he should have been civil"- W.S. Maugham (同)polite
- (of divisions of time) legally recognized in ordinary affairs of life; "the civil calendar"; "a civil day begins at mean midnight"
- applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military; "civil authorities"
- of or in a condition of social order; "civil peoples"
- the time when something ends; "it was the death of all his plans"; "a dying of old hopes" (同)dying, demise
- the time at which life ends; continuing until dead; "she stayed until his death"; "a struggle to the last" (同)last
- the absence of life or state of being dead; "he seemed more content in death than he had ever been in life"
- the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism; "the animal died a painful death"
- the act of killing; "he had two deaths on his conscience"
- the event of dying or departure from life; "her death came as a terrible shock"; "upon your decease the capital will pass to your grandchildren" (同)decease, expiry
- the personification of death; "Death walked the streets of the plague-bound city"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『市民の』,一般市民の;市民(公民)としての / (軍・教会に対して)民間の,世俗の / 国内に起こる;政府と国民との間の / 民法の,民事の / 『礼儀正しい』,ていねいな
- 〈U〉〈C〉『死』,死亡;死に方,死にざま / 〈U〉死んだ[ような]状体 / 《the~》(…の)絶滅,破滅《+『of』+『名』》 / 《the~》(…の)死の原因,命取り《+『of』+『名』》 / 《通例『D-』》死神(手に鎌(かマ)を持った黒装束の骸骨(がいこつ)で表される)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/11/01 07:39:50」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Civil death (Latin: civiliter mortuus)[1] is the loss of all or almost all civil rights by a person due to a conviction for a felony or due to an act by the government of a country that results in the loss of civil rights. It is usually inflicted on persons convicted of crimes against the state or adults determined by a court to be legally incompetent because of mental disability.[2]
In medieval Europe, felons lost all civil rights upon their conviction. This civil death often led to actual death, since anyone could kill and injure a felon with impunity.[3] Under the Holy Roman Empire, a person declared civilly dead was referred to as vogelfrei, ‘free as a bird’, and could even be killed since they were completely outside the law.[4]
Historically outlawry, that is, declaring a person as an outlaw, was a common form of civil death.[4]
In the US, the disenfranchisement of felons[5] has been called a form of civil death, as has being subjected to collateral consequences in general.[6]
See also
- Loss of rights due to felony conviction
Notes and references
- ^ http://www.law-dictionary.org/CIVILITER+MORTUUS.asp?q=CIVILITER+MORTUUS
- ^ See e.g. Interdiction of F.T.E., 594 So.2d 480 (La. App. 2d Cir. 1992).
- ^ Manza, Jeff and Uggen, Christopher. Punishment and Democracy: Disenfranchisement of Nonincarcerated Felons in the United States. 'Perspectives on Politics.' Page 492. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3688812
- ^ a b Article "Death, Civil;" Encyclopædia Americana, 1830 ed, page 138
- ^ Greenhouse, Linda (July 29, 2010). "Voting Behind Bars". The New York Times.
- ^ Gabriel J. Chin, The New Civil Death: Rethinking Punishment in the Era of Mass Conviction, 160 U. Penn. L. Rev. 1789 (2012)
External links
- "Civil Death". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Comparing verbal autopsy cause of death findings as determined by physician coding and probabilistic modelling: a public health analysis of 54 000 deaths in Africa and Asia.
- Byass P1, Herbst K2, Fottrell E3, Ali MM4, Odhiambo F5, Amek N5, Hamel MJ6, Laserson KF7, Kahn K8, Kabudula C9, Mee P9, Bird J10, Jakob R11, Sankoh O12, Tollman SM13.
- Journal of global health.J Glob Health.2015 Jun;5(1):010402. doi: 10.7189/jogh.05.010402.
- BACKGROUND: Coverage of civil registration and vital statistics varies globally, with most deaths in Africa and Asia remaining either unregistered or registered without cause of death. One important constraint has been a lack of fit-for-purpose tools for registering deaths and assigning causes in si
- PMID 25734004
- Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles and related cytotoxicity evaluation using A549 cells.
- Sathishkumar M1, Pavagadhi S2, Mahadevan A2, Balasubramanian R3.
- Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2015 Apr;114:232-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.020. Epub 2014 May 14.
- Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has become an attractive area of research as it is environmentally benign. The toxicity of AuNPs synthesized by chemical routes has been widely studied. However, little is known about the toxicity associated with the biological synthesis of AuNPs. The prese
- PMID 24835429
- Australasian disasters of national significance: An epidemiological analysis, 1900-2012.
- Bradt DA1, Bartley B, Hibble BA, Varshney K.
- Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA.Emerg Med Australas.2015 Apr;27(2):132-8. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12357. Epub 2015 Feb 5.
- BACKGROUND: A regional epidemiological analysis of Australasian disasters in the 20th century to present was undertaken to examine trends in disaster epidemiology; to characterise the impacts on civil society through disaster policy, practice and legislation; and to consider future potential limitat
- PMID 25656005
Japanese Journal
- 山田 慎人
- 武庫川女子大学紀要. 人文・社会科学編 61, 23-31, 2014-03
- … For the next few decades, western European international relations were dominated by civil warsin France and the Habsburg Netherlands. … This article examines how political and religious factors led to theoutbreak of a series of religious civil wars in France, commonly known as the French Wars of Religion.The first chapter describes the religious policies of Francis I and Henry II and the growth of Protestantismin France under their reign. …
- NAID 120005436584
- 力の作用高さ,生存・枯死,生育場所からみた三陸海岸黒松の被害条件
- 松冨 英夫,原田 賢治,鴨澤 明志,決得 元基,嶋津 朋
- Journal of Japan Society of Civil
- … Simple and practical damage condition of black pine tree on the Sanriku coast against tsunamis is examined from the three viewpoints of action height h of critical horizontal force F, life-death and growth place (field test place) of the tree every damage type (lodging, uprooting, breaking) through field tests at Taro, Yamada and Fudai in Iwate, and proposed in the form of a relationship between the critical moment M (=h×F) acting on each tree and the chest-height diameter D. …
- NAID 130004706894
- 医療過誤・医療訴訟の防止に向けての法医学的検討:—判例と医療関連死解剖例の分析をもとに—
- 岡部 万喜,佐藤 啓造,藤城 雅也,入戸野 晋,加藤 礼,石津 みゑ子,小渕 律子,福地 麗,大宮 信哉,李 暁鵬,九島 巳樹
- 昭和学士会雑誌 74(2), 190-210, 2014
- 近年,医療事故訴訟が絶対数の増加にとどまらず,相対的にも増加している.しかし,どのような事例で刑事責任を問われ,あるいは民事訴訟を提起されるかを,実際の裁判例と医療死亡事故解剖例の両面から分析した報告はみられない.本研究では医療訴訟が提起される確率の高い,医療死亡事故と重い後遺障害が残った事例の判例を分析するとともに,法医学講座で扱われた医療関連死の解剖12例を分析することにより,どのような事例で …
- NAID 130004692160
Related Links
- civil deathとは。意味や和訳。[U]《法律》法律上の死亡:重大犯罪の有罪判決の結果として起こる法律上の諸権利の喪失. - goo英和辞書は14万項目以上を収録し、発音、音声、慣用句、例文が分かる英和辞書です。
- civil death n. 1. The revocation of civil rights by a government, especially as a consequence of a felony conviction or treasonous act. 2. The loss of civil rights as a consequence of banishment, abjuring the realm, or entry into a ...
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- citizen、civilian
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