WordNet
- be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
- any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
- an independent variable in statistics
- anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
- consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
- resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
- an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
- a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
- a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
- a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
- relating to the ciliary body and associated structures of the eye
- of or relating to the human eyelash (同)ciliate
- of or relating to cilia projecting from the surface of a cell (同)ciliate, cilial
- a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
- 〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行
- (目の)毛様体の / まつげの
- =sense organ / 受信装置
- まつげ(eyelashes) / 繊毛
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/11 07:43:55」(JST)
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- 1. 肥満の薬物療法 drug therapy of obesity
- 2. ハンチントン病：管理 huntington disease management
- 3. 成人における発熱の病態生理および治療 pathophysiology and treatment of fever in adults
- 4. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の疫学および病因 epidemiology and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 5. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の病態修飾療法 disease modifying treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
English Journal
- Müller glia: Stem cells for generation and regeneration of retinal neurons in teleost fish.
- Lenkowski JR1, Raymond PA2.Author information 1Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: jenny.lenkowski@goucher.edu.2Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: praymond@umich.edu.AbstractAdult zebrafish generate new neurons in the brain and retina throughout life. Growth-related neurogenesis allows a vigorous regenerative response to damage, and fish can regenerate retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, and restore functional vision following photic, chemical, or mechanical destruction of the retina. Müller glial cells in fish function as radial-glial-like neural stem cells. During adult growth, Müller glial nuclei undergo sporadic, asymmetric, self-renewing mitotic divisions in the inner nuclear layer to generate a rod progenitor that migrates along the radial fiber of the Müller glia into the outer nuclear layer, proliferates, and differentiates exclusively into rod photoreceptors. When retinal neurons are destroyed, Müller glia in the immediate vicinity of the damage partially and transiently dedifferentiate, re-express retinal progenitor and stem cell markers, re-enter the cell cycle, undergo interkinetic nuclear migration (characteristic of neuroepithelial cells), and divide once in an asymmetric, self-renewing division to generate a retinal progenitor. This daughter cell proliferates rapidly to form a compact neurogenic cluster surrounding the Müller glia; these multipotent retinal progenitors then migrate along the radial fiber to the appropriate lamina to replace missing retinal neurons. Some aspects of the injury-response in fish Müller glia resemble gliosis as observed in mammals, and mammalian Müller glia exhibit some neurogenic properties, indicative of a latent ability to regenerate retinal neurons. Understanding the specific properties of fish Müller glia that facilitate their robust capacity to generate retinal neurons will inform and inspire new clinical approaches for treating blindness and visual loss with regenerative medicine.
- Progress in retinal and eye research.Prog Retin Eye Res.2014 Jan 8. pii: S1350-9462(14)00002-0. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.12.007. [Epub ahead of print]
- Adult zebrafish generate new neurons in the brain and retina throughout life. Growth-related neurogenesis allows a vigorous regenerative response to damage, and fish can regenerate retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, and restore functional vision following photic, chemical, or mechanical dest
- PMID 24412518
- Mechanisms for axon maintenance and plasticity in motoneurons: alterations in motoneuron disease.
- Jablonka S, Dombert B, Asan E, Sendtner M.Author information Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.AbstractIn motoneuron disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, the loss of synapses and axon branches occurs early but is compensated by sprouting of neighboring axon terminals. Defective local axonal signaling for maintenance and dynamics of the axonal microtubule and actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in this context. The molecular mechanisms that lead to defective cytoskeleton architecture in two mouse models of motoneuron disease are summarized and discussed in this manuscript. In the progressive motor neuropathy (pmn) mouse model of motoneuron disease that is caused by a mutation in the tubulin-specific chaperone E gene, death of motoneuron cell bodies appears as a consequence of axonal degeneration. Treatment with bcl-2 overexpression or with glial-derived neurotrophic factor prevents loss of motoneuron cell bodies but does not influence the course of disease. In contrast, treatment with ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) significantly delays disease onset and prolongs survival of pmn mice. This difference is due to the activation of Stat-3 via the CNTF receptor complex in axons of pmn mutant motoneurons. Most of the activated Stat-3 protein is not transported to the nucleus to activate transcription, but interacts locally in axons with stathmin, a protein that destabilizes microtubules. This interaction plays a major role in CNTF signaling for microtubule dynamics in axons. In Smn-deficient mice, a model of spinal muscular atrophy, defects in axonal translocation of β-actin mRNA and possibly other mRNA species have been observed. Moreover, the regulation of local protein synthesis in response to signals from neurotrophic factors and extracellular matrix proteins is altered in motoneurons from this model of motoneuron disease. These findings indicate that local signals are important for maintenance and plasticity of axonal branches and neuromuscular endplates, and that disturbances in these signaling mechanisms could contribute to the pathophysiology of motoneuron diseases.
- Journal of anatomy.J Anat.2014 Jan;224(1):3-14. doi: 10.1111/joa.12097. Epub 2013 Sep 6.
- In motoneuron disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, the loss of synapses and axon branches occurs early but is compensated by sprouting of neighboring axon terminals. Defective local axonal signaling for maintenance and dynamics of the axonal microtubule and actin cytoskeleton plays a centr
- PMID 24007389
- Opposite effects of a high-fat diet and calorie restriction on ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling in the mouse hypothalamus.
- Severi I1, Perugini J1, Mondini E1, Smorlesi A1, Frontini A1, Cinti S2, Giordano A1.Author information 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona, Italy.2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona, Italy ; Center of Obesity, Università Politecnica delle Marche-United Hospitals Ancona, Italy.AbstractIn the mouse hypothalamus, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is mainly expressed by ependymal cells and tanycytes of the ependymal layer covering the third ventricle. Since exogenously administered CNTF causes reduced food intake and weight loss, we tested whether endogenous CNTF might be involved in energy balance regulation. We thus evaluated CNTF production and responsiveness in the hypothalamus of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), of ob/ob obese mice, and of mice fed a calorie restriction (CR) regimen. RT-PCR showed that CNTF mRNA increased significantly in HFD mice and decreased significantly in CR animals. Western blotting confirmed that CNTF expression was higher in HFD mice and reduced in CR mice, but high interindividual variability blunted the significance of these differences. By immunohistochemistry, hypothalamic tuberal and mammillary region tanycytes stained strongly for CNTF in HFD mice, whereas CR mice exhibited markedly reduced staining. RT-PCR and Western blotting disclosed that changes in CNTF expression were paralleled by changes in the expression of its specific receptor, CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα). Injection of recombinant CNTF and detection of phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (P-STAT3) showed that CNTF responsiveness by the ependymal layer, mainly by tanycytes, was higher in HFD than CR mice. In addition, in HFD mice CNTF administration induced distinctive STAT3 signaling in a large neuron population located in the dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei, perifornical area and mammillary body. The hypothalamic expression of CNTF and CNTFRα did not change in the hyperphagic, leptin-deficient ob/ob obese mice; accordingly, P-STAT3 immunoreactivity in CNTF-treated ob/ob mice was confined to ependymal layer and arcuate neurons. Collectively, these data suggest that hypothalamic CNTF is involved in controlling the energy balance and that CNTF signaling plays a role in HFD obese mice at specific sites.
- Frontiers in neuroscience.Front Neurosci.2013 Dec 27;7:263. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00263.
- In the mouse hypothalamus, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is mainly expressed by ependymal cells and tanycytes of the ependymal layer covering the third ventricle. Since exogenously administered CNTF causes reduced food intake and weight loss, we tested whether endogenous CNTF might be involved
- PMID 24409114
Japanese Journal
- Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor and schizophrenia
- Kameno Yosuke,Suzuki Katsuaki,Wakuda Tomoyasu,Takebayashi Kiyokazu,Iwata Keiko,Tsuchiya Kenji J.,Matsuzaki Hideo,Takagai Shu,Iwata Yasuhide,Nakamura Kazuhiko,Mori Norio
- Journal of brain science 36, 32-45, 2011-03-30
- … Leukemia inhibitory factor-receptor (LIFR) is known to play a major role in neurogenesis promotions and stem cell self-renewal via binding to their ligands, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). …
- NAID 110008574013
- Characterization of two putative cytokine receptors, gp130 and ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor, from terrestrial salamanders
- Kiemnec-Tyburczy Karen M.,Watts Richard A.,Arnold Stevan J.
- Genes & Genetic Systems 86(2), 131-137, 2011
- … The first, gp130 (2745 bp), is a common signaling receptor for several multi-functional cytokines in vertebrates. … We also isolated the full-length (1104 bp) sequence of the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR), which forms a heteromeric signaling complex with gp130. …
- NAID 130000758291
Related Links
- 1. Pharm Acta Helv. 2000 Mar;74(2-3):265-72. The ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor, CNTFR alpha. Sleeman MW, Anderson KD, Lambert PD, Yancopoulos GD, Wiegand SJ. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY ...
- Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor; CNTF Receptor. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a full patient history. A similarity ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「繊毛様神経栄養因子受容体」「繊毛様神経栄養因子レセプター」「毛様体神経栄養因子受容体」「毛様体神経栄養因子レセプター」「CNTF receptor」 |
| 拡張検索 | 「ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha subunit」 |
| 関連記事 | 「fact」「factor」「ciliary」「neurotrophic」「cilia」 |
「繊毛様神経栄養因子受容体」
- 英
- ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor、CNTF receptor
- 関
- 繊毛様神経栄養因子レセプター、CNTF受容体、CNTFレセプター、毛様体神経栄養因子レセプター、毛様体神経栄養因子受容体
「繊毛様神経栄養因子レセプター」
- 英
- ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor、CNTF receptor
- 関
- 繊毛様神経栄養因子受容体、CNTF受容体、CNTFレセプター、毛様体神経栄養因子レセプター、毛様体神経栄養因子受容体
「毛様体神経栄養因子受容体」
「毛様体神経栄養因子レセプター」
「CNTF receptor」
「ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha subunit」
「fact」
- n.
「factor」
- n.
「ciliary」
- 毛様体の、繊毛の、繊毛様の
「neurotrophic」
- 神経栄養の、神経栄養性の
「cilia」
- n.
- 繊毛、線毛