WordNet

being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering; "chronic indigestion"; "a chronic shortage of funds"; "a chronic invalid"
of long duration; "chronic money problems" (同)continuing
habitual; "a chronic smoker" (同)inveterate
dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream; used in the case of kidney failure (同)haemodialysis

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Evaluation of lipid damage related to pathological and physiological conditions.

Garcia SC, Grotto D, Bulcão RP, Moro AM, Roehrs M, Valentini J, de Freitas FA, Paniz C, Bubols GB, Charão MF.SourceToxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS , Brazil.
Drug and chemical toxicology.Drug Chem Toxicol.2013 Jul;36(3):306-12. doi: 10.3109/01480545.2012.720989. Epub 2012 Oct 3.
Several diseases and xenobiotics are known to generate reactive species that may trigger oxidative stress when not properly scavenged by the antioxidant defenses and result in tissue damage. We investigated lipid peroxidation (LPO) as a possible mechanism for tissue damage in some pathologies, in th
PMID 23030235

Left-ventricular hypertrophy and renal outcome in hypertensive patients in primary-care.

Ravera M, Noberasco G, Signori A, Re M, Filippi A, Cannavò R, Weiss U, Cricelli C, Deferrari G, Paoletti E.SourceDivision of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy;
American journal of hypertension.Am J Hypertens.2013 May;26(5):700-7. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hps100. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
BACKGROUND Subclinical cardiac damage has recently emerged as a potential predictor of adverse renal outcome. We therefore retrospectively evaluated the effect of left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diagnosed electrocardiographically, on the renal outcome of hypertensive patients managed in primary
PMID 23391620

Illness perceptions and treatment perceptions of patients with chronic kidney disease: Different phases, different perceptions?

Jansen DL, Heijmans MJ, Rijken M, Spreeuwenberg P, Grootendorst DC, Dekker FW, Boeschoten EW, Kaptein AA, Groenewegen PP.SourceNIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
British journal of health psychology.Br J Health Psychol.2013 May;18(2):244-62. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12002. Epub 2012 Nov 6.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the variability of illness and treatment perceptions - that have been found to be associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients' outcomes (e.g., quality of life) - across the CKD trajectory, by investigating whether there are differences in perceptions in patients: (1)
PMID 23126527