chromatic scale

　

WordNet

1. a 12-note scale including all the semitones of the octave
2. take by attacking with scaling ladders; "The troops scaled the walls of the fort"
3. a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin (同)scale leaf
4. an ordered reference standard; "judging on a scale of 1 to 10" (同)scale of measurement, graduated table, ordered series
5. relative magnitude; "they entertained on a grand scale"
6. size or measure according to a scale; "This model must be scaled down"
7. the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it; "the scale of the map"; "the scale of the model"
8. a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass (同)weighing machine
9. a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals
10. an indicator having a graduated sequence of marks
11. (music) a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave) (同)musical scale
12. a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin (同)scurf, exfoliation
13. remove the scales from; "scale fish" (同)descale
14. reach the highest point of; "We scaled the Mont Blanc" (同)surmount
15. climb up by means of a ladder
16. measure by or as if by a scale; "This bike scales only 25 pounds"
17. measure with or as if with scales; "scale the gold"
18. pattern, make, regulate, set, measure, or estimate according to some rate or standard
19. being or having or characterized by hue
20. able to refract light without spectral color separation; "chromatic lens"
21. based on a scale consisting of 12 semitones; "a chromatic scale"
22. the act of arranging in a graduated series (同)grading
23. act of measuring or arranging or adjusting according to a scale
24. ascent by or as if by a ladder
25. (used of armor) having overlapping metal plates attached to a leather backing

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《しばしば複数形で》『てんびん』,はかり / てんびんのさら / 《重量を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…の目方(体重)がある / …‘を'てんびんではかる
2. (蛇・魚類などの)うろこ / うろこ状の物;(ペンキ・さび・ふけなどの)爆片 / 〈魚など〉‘の'うろこを取る;…‘の'皮をはぐ / (…から)〈ペンキなどの薄泰〉‘を'そぎ取る《+『名』+『off』(『from』)+『名』》 / (…から)〈ペンキなどが〉かげ落ちる《+『off』(『from』)+『名』》
3. 『段階』,等級,階級 / 『比率』,縮尺 / (物差しなどの)『目盛り』 / (目盛りの付いた)『物差し』;温度計,(各種の)スケール / 『規模』,スケール / 音階 / 記数法,…進法 / …‘を'よじ登る / (…に合わせて)…‘を'調整する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …‘を'縮尺で製図(設計)する
4. 色の,自彩を用いる / 半音階の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/04 22:49:24」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Chromatic scale

Qualities
Number of pitch classes	12
Maximal evenness Degenerate well-formed collection

Chromatic scale drawn as a circle: each note is equidistant from its neighbors, separated by a semitone of the same size.

The chromatic scale is a musical scale with twelve pitches, each a semitone above or below another. On a modern piano or other equal-tempered instrument, all the semitones are the same size (100 cents). In other words, the notes of an equal-tempered chromatic scale are equally spaced. An equal-tempered chromatic scale is a nondiatonic scale having no tonic because of the symmetry of its equally spaced notes.

Chromatic scale on C: full octave ascending and descending  Play in equal temperament or  Play in Pythagorean tuning.

The most common conception of the chromatic scale before the 13th century was the Pythagorean chromatic scale. Due to a different tuning technique, the twelve semitones in this scale have two slightly different sizes. Thus, the scale is not perfectly symmetric. Many other tuning systems, developed in the ensuing centuries, share a similar asymmetry. Equally spaced pitches are provided only by equal temperament tuning systems, which are widely used in contemporary music.

The term chromatic derives from the Greek word chroma, meaning color. Chromatic notes are traditionally understood as harmonically inessential embellishments, shadings, or inflections of diatonic notes.

Notation

The chromatic scale may be notated in a variety of ways.

Ascending and descending:

The chromatic scale has no set spelling agreed upon by all. Its spelling is, however, often dependent upon major or minor key signatures and whether the scale is ascending or descending. The images above, therefore, are only examples of chromatic scale notations. As an abstract theoretical entity (that is, outside a particular musical context), the chromatic scale is usually notated such that no scale degree is used more than twice in succession (for instance G flat - G natural - G sharp).

Non-Western cultures

• The ancient Chinese chromatic scale is called Shí-èr-lǜ. However, "it should not be imagined that this gamut ever functioned as a scale, and it is erroneous to refer to the 'Chinese chromatic scale', as some Western writers have done. The series of twelve notes known as the twelve lü were simply a series of fundamental notes from which scales could be constructed."
• The Indian solfège, i.e. sargam, makes up the twelve notes of the chromatic scale with respective sharps and flats.

Total chromatic

The total chromatic (or aggregate) is the set of all twelve pitch classes. An array is a succession of aggregates. See also: Tone row.

See also

• Chromaticism
• Atonality
• 20th century music - Classical
• "All Through the Night (Cole Porter song)"
• "Hicaz Hümâyun Saz Semâisi" - Turkish song, highlighting differences from the twelve-semitone scale

Sources

External links

• The Chromatic Scale arranged for guitar in several fingerings. (Formatted for easy printing)
• The 12 golden notes of music

Recommended Reading

• Hewitt, Michael. 2013. Musical Scales of the World. The Note Tree. ISBN 978-0957547001.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 成人における昏迷および昏睡 stupor and coma in adults
• 2. 小児における外傷の分類 classification of trauma in children
• 3. 脳卒中スケールおよび重症度分類システムの利用および有用性 use and utility of stroke scales and grading systems
• 4. 緩和ケアにおける症状の評価へのアプローチ approach to symptom assessment in palliative care
• 5. 眠気の定量化 quantifying sleepiness

English Journal

• Transmission electron microscopy with a liquid flow cell.

• Klein KL, Anderson IM, de Jonge N.SourceSurface and Microanalysis Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland MD20899-8371, USA. kate.klein@nist.gov
• Journal of microscopy.J Microsc.2011 May;242(2):117-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03484.x. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
• The imaging of microscopic structures at nanometre-scale spatial resolution in a liquid environment is of interest for a wide range of studies. Recently, a liquid flow transmission electron microscopy (TEM) holder equipped with a microfluidic cell has been developed and shown to exhibit flow of nano
• PMID 21250996

• Severity in phenotypic expression of homozygous sickle cell disease (Hb.SS)--does hypermelanotic or hypomelanotic skin status of affected patients play a role?

• Bakare MO.SourceChild and Adolescent Unit, Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, New Haven, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria. mobakare2000@yahoo.com
• Medical hypotheses.Med Hypotheses.2011 May;76(5):673-5. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
• Abnormal hemoglobin distribution on global map, of which hemoglobin S (Hb.S) accounted for about 80% of the disorders resulting from them are more prevalent in the tropics and sub-tropics. Homozygous sickle cell disease (Hb.SS) is the most common and most severe form of sickle cell disease (SCD) in
• PMID 21288648

Japanese Journal

• 輝度変換と色特性によりノイズを抑制した口抽出手法の提案

• 徳田 尚也,藤原 孝幸,舟橋 琢磨,輿水 大和
• 電気学会論文誌Ｄ（産業応用部門誌） 131(4), 592-599, 2011
• … Mustache color and skin color are closer to the gray scale than mouth color. …
• NAID 130000653329

• 光有限インパルス応答フィルタを用いた超高速光信号等化技術(超高速伝送・変復調・分散補償技術,超高速光信号処理技術,広帯域光増幅・WDM技術,受光デバイス,高光出力伝送技術,一般(ECOC報告))

• 五十嵐 浩司,NGUYEN Hoang Manh,加藤 一弘,菊池 和朗
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. LQE, レーザ・量子エレクトロニクス 110(259), 91-96, 2010-10-21
• 本発表では、平面導波路光回路(PLC)型光有限インパルス(FIR)応答フィルタを用いた伝達関数の任意制御方法を提案する。本提案手法によって、PLC光回路の伝達関数を正確に制御することが可能となる。実際に、様々な伝達関数を実現し、伝送システムへの適用を通じて、その性能を評価した。伝達関数の振幅制御の極限例として、分散フリー矩形状帯域通過特性を実現した。それを40-Gbit/s OOK光信号のナイキス …
• NAID 110008106548

Related Links

• Chromatic scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The chromatic scale is a musical scale with twelve pitches, each a semitone apart. On a modern piano or other equal-tempered instrument, all the half steps are the same size. An equal tempered chromatic scale is a nondiatonic scale ...

---

★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「scale」「scaling」「chromatic」

「scale」

　　[★]

• n.

• 1. (魚・は虫類の)うろこ。(チョウ・ガの)鱗粉。(皮膚の)鱗屑。薄片。(植物)芽鱗、鱗片。(動物)カイガラムシ。(金属を熱したときにできる)薄い酸化膜、スケール。(ボイラーややかんの内側にできる)湯垢。歯石。
• 2. 目盛り、定規、物差し、尺度、基準。(地図などの)縮尺比、縮尺目盛り。階級、等級。規模、スケール
• 3. はかり、てんびん

• vt.
• vi.

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「scaling」

　　[★]

• n.

• スケーリング

• 縮尺や変換係数を定めること、歯石とプラークを除去すること

　 　 　

「chromatic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 色の

関

color、colored、colour、coloured