chorionic villi

絨毛膜絨毛

WordNet

1. of or relating to a chorion; "a chorionic villus is a minute vascular projection on the fetal chorion"
2. the outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/13 01:56:55」(JST)

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Chorionic villi
Micrograph showing chorionic villi. Intermediate magnification. H&E stain.
Micrograph showing chorionic villi. Very high magnification. H&E stain.
Details
Days	24
Identifiers
MeSH	Chorionic+Villi
Anatomical terminology

Chorionic villi are villi that sprout from the chorion to provide maximum contact area with maternal blood.

They are an essential element in pregnancy from a histomorphologic perspective, and are, by definition, a product of conception. Branches of the umbilical arteries carry embryonic blood to the villi. After circulating through the capillaries of the villi, blood returns to the embryo through the umbilical vein. Thus, villi are part of the border between maternal and fetal blood during pregnancy.

Structure

Villi can also be classified by their relations:

• Floating villi float freely in the intervillous space. They exhibit a bi-layered epithelium consisting of cytotrophoblasts with overlaying syncytium (syncytiotrophoblast).
• Anchoring (stem) villi stabilize mechanical integrity of the placental-maternal interface.

Development

The chorion undergoes rapid proliferation and forms numerous processes, the chorionic villi, which invade and destroy the uterine decidua and at the same time absorb from it nutritive materials for the growth of the embryo. They undergo several stages, depending on their composition.

ChorionicVillus.

Stage	Description	Period of gestation	Contents
Primary	The chorionic villi are at first small and non-vascular.	13–15 days	trophoblast only
Secondary	The villi increase in size and ramify, while the mesoderm grows into them.	16–21 days	trophoblast and mesoderm
Tertiary	Branches of the umbilical artery and umbilical vein grow into the mesoderm, and in this way the chorionic villi are vascularized.	21st day	trophoblast, mesoderm, and blood vessels

Until about the end of the second month of pregnancy, the villi cover the entire chorion, and are almost uniform in size—but after then, they develop unequally.

Histology

The bulk of the villi consist of connective tissues that contain blood vessels. Most of the cells in the connective tissue core of the villi are fibroblasts. Macrophages known as Hofbauer cells are also present.

Clinical significance

Use for prenatal diagnosis

Main article: Chorionic villus sampling

In 1983, an Italian biologist named Giuseppe Simoni discovered a new method of prenatal diagnosis using chorionic villi.

Stem cell

Chorionic villi are a rich source of stem cells. Biocell Center, a biotech company managed by Giuseppe Simoni, is studying and testing these types of stem cells. Chorionic stem cells, like amniotic stem cells, are uncontroversial multipotent stem cells.

Additional images

• Section through the embryo.

• Transverse section of a chorionic villus.

• Primary chorionic villi. Diagrammatic.

• Secondary (Tertiary? Vessels are present.) chorionic villi. Diagrammatic.

• Human embryo of about 28 days, with yolk-sac.

See also

• Villitis of unknown etiology

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• http://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/M1/embryology/embryo/06placenta.htm

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 絨毛膜サンプリング検査：リスク、合併症、および手技 chorionic villus sampling
• 2. 胎盤の発達および生理学 placental development and physiology
• 3. 胎盤病理組織報告 the placental pathology report
• 4. 妊娠性絨毛性疾患：病理 gestational trophoblastic disease pathology
• 5. ヒト絨毛性性ゴナドトロピン：妊娠および妊娠性絨毛性疾患の検査と低検査値が持続する原因 human chorionic gonadotropin testing in pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease and causes of low persistent levels

English Journal

• Expression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-related Factors in Adherent Placenta.

• Shirakawa T1, Miyahara Y, Tanimura K, Morita H, Kawakami F, Itoh T, Yamada H.
• International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists.Int J Gynecol Pathol.2015 Nov;34(6):584-9. doi: 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000190.
• Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a key process influencing cancer progression and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related factors in chorionic villi and decidual cells in adherent placenta. The current study included 19
• PMID 26447356

• Acute Placental Villitis as Evidence of Fetal Sepsis: an Autopsy Case Report.

• Bae GE1, Yoon N2, Hwang S3, Choi M4, Hwang H5, Kim JS6.
• Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society.Pediatr Dev Pathol.2015 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
• Acute placental villitis is very rare and believed to reflect overwhelming fetal sepsis in utero, commonly caused by Escherichia coli or group B streptococci. We present a case of intrauterine fetal death associated with acute placental villitis and acute necrotizing chorioamnionitis by early-onset
• PMID 26457860

• [Application of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique in prenatal diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia].

• Hao Y1, Xu X, Xu Z, Jiang N, Wu W, Jin Q, Yin S, Cai Y, Xie J.
• Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics.Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi.2015 Oct 10;32(5):683-6. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2015.05.016.
• OBJECTIVE To assess the application value of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for the detection of gene deletion and prenatal diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia. METHODS MLPA was applied for 2 cases with alpha-thalassemia phenotype by whole blood cell counting and hemoglobin compo
• PMID 26418992

Japanese Journal

• 子宮動脈塞栓または内腸骨動脈閉塞を施行後、子宮鏡下手術で切除しえた胎盤ポリープの3症例

• 高橋 也尚,吉野 直樹,森山 政司,岩成 治
• 日本産科婦人科内視鏡學會雜誌 = The journal of the Japan Endoscopy Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology 26(2), 550-555, 2010-12-01
• …   The placental polyp has been defined as an intrauterine polypoid or even pedunculated mass of retained placental tissue from an abortion or term pregnancy.  Most of the chorionic villi forming the placental polyp were necrotic or sclerotic and hyalinized.  A blind intrauterine operation was performed once, leading to hemorrhaging and hysterectomy.  We report three cases of placental polyp successfully treated by transcervical resection (TCR) after uerine artery embolization (UAE) or iliac …
• NAID 10029377135

• 臍帯動脈血栓症および単一臍帯動脈と、Fetal thrombotic vasculopathyとの関係について

• 藤林 真理子,相羽 元彦,村岡 光恵,高木 耕一郎
• 東京女子医科大学雑誌 80(1/2), 24-28, 2010-02-25
• … Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy (FTV) は胎児由来の胎盤の血管(chorionic vesselおよび絨毛幹血管)の血栓性閉塞による、下流の絨毛の変性(硬化)である。 …
• NAID 110007540415

Related Links

• Chorionic villus sampling: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a test some pregnant women have to screen their baby for genetic problems. How the Test is Performed CVS can be done through the cervix (transcervical) or through the belly (transabdominal ...

• Chorionic villi | definition of chorionic villi by Medical dictionary

chorionic [kor″e-on´ik] pertaining to the chorion. chorionic villi numerous branching projections from the external surface of the chorion that provide for exchange between the maternal and fetal circulation. Oxygen and nutrients in the ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「絨毛膜絨毛」「placental villi」
関連記事	「chorionic」

「絨毛膜絨毛」

　　[★]

英

chorionic villi

関

胎盤絨毛

「placental villi」

　　[★]

胎盤絨毛

関

chorionic villi

「chorionic」

　　[★]

chori,chorio- 絨毛膜。脈絡膜

• adj.

• 絨毛膜の

関

chorion、egg membrane、serosa、serosal、serous membrane、trophoblastic