軟骨細胞
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2018/07/18 23:57:59」(JST)
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Chondrocyte |
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Light micrograph of hyaline cartilage showing its chondrocytes and organelles, lacunae and matrix. |
Details |
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Location |
Cartilage |
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Function |
Produce and maintain cartilage matrix |
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Identifiers |
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Latin |
chondrocytus |
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TH |
H2.00.03.5.00003 |
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Anatomical terms of microanatomy
[edit on Wikidata] |
Chondrocytes (from Greek χόνδρος, chondros = cartilage + κύτος, kytos = cell) are the only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans. Although the word chondroblast is commonly used to describe an immature chondrocyte, the term is imprecise, since the progenitor of chondrocytes (which are mesenchymal stem cells) can differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts.
Contents
- 1 Development
- 2 Gallery
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Development
From least- to terminally-differentiated, the chondrocytic lineage is:
- Colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F)
- Mesenchymal stem cell / marrow stromal cell (MSC)
- Chondrocyte
- Hypertrophic chondrocyte
Mesenchymal (mesoderm origin) stem cells (MSC) are undifferentiated, meaning they can differentiate into a variety of generative cells commonly known as osteochondrogenic (or osteogenic, chondrogenic, osteoprogenitor, etc.) cells. When referring to bone, or in this case cartilage, the originally undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells lose their pluripotency, proliferate and crowd together in a dense aggregate of chondrogenic cells (cartilage) at the location of chondrification. These chondrogenic cells differentiate into so-called chondroblasts, which then synthesize the cartilage extra cellular matrix (ECM), consisting of a ground substance (proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans for low osmotic potential) and fibers. The chondroblast is now a mature chondrocyte that is usually inactive but can still secrete and degrade the matrix, depending on conditions.
BMP4 and FGF2 have been experimentally shown to increase chondrocyte differentiation.[1]
Chondrocytes undergo terminal differentiation when they become hypertrophic, which happens during endochondral ossification. This last stage is characterized by major phenotypic changes in the cell.
Gallery
Chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage
Transmission electron micrograph of a chondrocyte, stained for calcium, showing its nucleus (N) and mitochondria (M).
See also
- Endochondral ossification
- Intramembranous ossification
- List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
References
- ^ Lee, T. J.; Jang, J.; Kang, S.; Jin, M.; Shin, H.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, B. S. (2013). "Enhancement of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by mesodermal lineage induction with BMP-4 and FGF2 treatment". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 430 (2): 793–797. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.067. PMID 23206696.
- Dominici M, Hofmann T, Horwitz E (2001). "Bone marrow mesenchymal cells: biological properties and clinical applications". J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 15 (1): 28–37. PMID 11388742.
- Bianco P, Riminucci M, Gronthos S, Robey P (2001). "Bone marrow stromal stem cells: nature, biology, and potential applications". Stem Cells. 19 (3): 180–92. doi:10.1634/stemcells.19-3-180. PMID 11359943.
External links
- Histology image: 03317loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
- Stem cell information
Bone and cartilage |
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Cartilage |
- perichondrium
- fibrocartilage callus
- metaphysis
- Cells
- Types
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Bone | Ossification |
- Primary bone
- intramembranous
- endochondral
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Cells |
- osteoblast
- osteoid
- osteocyte
- osteoclast
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Types | |
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Regions |
- subchondral bone
- epiphysis
- epiphyseal plate/metaphysis
- diaphysis
- Condyle
- Epicondyle
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Structure |
- Osteon
- Haversian canals
- Volkmann's canals
- connective tissue
- Sharpey's fibres
- enthesis
- lacunae
- canaliculi
- trabeculae
- medullary cavity
- bone marrow
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Shapes |
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- MicroRNA-27b-3p inhibits apoptosis of chondrocyte in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting HIPK2.
- Zhou Y, Li S, Chen P, Yang B, Yang J, Liu R, Li J, Xia D.
- Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology. 2019 Dec;47(1)1766-1771.
- Understanding the mechanism of chondrocytes degeneration could provide a new potential therapeutic idea for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. MicroRNA-27b-3p (miR-27b-3p) has been shown to regulate a variety of cell behaviors in various cell types. However, the role of miR-27b-3p in RA remains un
- PMID 31066587
- Synthesis of photoluminescent carbon dots and its effect on chondrocytes for knee joint therapy applications.
- Sun R, Liu S.
- Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology. 2019 Dec;47(1)1321-1325.
- In the process of natural precursors examining for the carbon dots (CDs) synthesis, a bio-friendly and highly luminescent CDs synthesis is being reported herein. For the first time, we are reporting CDs synthesis using Selenicereus grandiflorus plant materials without any use of additional oxidizing
- PMID 31007061
- LncRNA FOXD2-AS1 induces chondrocyte proliferation through sponging miR-27a-3p in osteoarthritis.
- Wang Y, Cao L, Wang Q, Huang J, Xu S.
- Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology. 2019 Dec;47(1)1241-1247.
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely confirmed to involve in the modulation of OA progression. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 in OA remain unclear. In the present study, we showed FOXD2-AS1 expre
- PMID 30945573
Japanese Journal
- Mechanical and oxidative stress in osteoarthritis
- The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 5(1), 81-86, 2016
- NAID 130005138399
- Sorcin Expression in the Epiphyseal Growth Plates of Mice
Related Links
- In the proliferative zone (ZP), the chondrocytes adopt a flattened appearance, begin to divide, are organized in columns and initiate the synthesis of ... One goal of the study was to determine how crosslinking and pH variations affect ...
- Chondrocytes are round with indistinct cytoplasmic borders and small, dark nuclei with perinuclear clearing (Figure 15-2). Benign chondrocytes typically demonstrate regular, albeit darkly staining, nuclei that are too small to make out ...
- ヒト軟骨細胞(Human Chondrocytes:HCH)は膝関節や股関節のヒト関節軟骨から単離された細胞である。HCHは3Dスフェロイド培養での分化能が確認されている。 関節軟骨は骨と骨のつなぎ目を覆い、血管、リンパ管、神経線維などは ...
Related Pictures