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of or made from or using substances produced by or used in reactions involving atomic or molecular changes; "chemical fertilizer"
material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules (同)chemical substance
relating to or used in chemistry; "chemical engineer"; "chemical balance" (同)chemic
inflammation of the lungs; caused by a virus or an allergic reaction

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『化学の』,化学上の;化学的な,化学作用による / 化学薬品の,化学薬品を用いる / 『化学薬品』(『製品』)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/19 19:22:16」(JST)

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Aspiration pneumonitis or chemical pneumonitis is inflammation of the lung caused by aspirating or inhaling irritants. ^[1] It is sometimes called a "chemical pneumonia", though it is not infectious. There are two general types of chemical pneumonitis: acute and chronic.

Irritants capable of causing chemical pneumonitis include vomitus,^[2] barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging, ingested gasoline^[2] or other petroleum distillates, ingested or skin absorbed pesticides,^[2] gases from electroplating,^[2] smoke^[2] and others. It may also be caused by the use of inhalants. Mendelson's syndrome is a type of chemical pneumonitis.

Mineral oil should not be given internally to young children, pets, or anyone with a cough, hiatus hernia, or nocturnal reflux, because it can cause complications such as lipoid pneumonia.^[3] Due to its low density, it is easily aspirated into the lungs, where it cannot be removed by the body. In children, if aspirated, the oil can work to prevent normal breathing, resulting in death of brain cells and permanent paralysis and/or retardation.

Symptoms of chemical pneumonitis include:

Acute:

Cough ^[2]
Difficulty Breathing ^[4]
Abnormal lung sounds (wet, gurgling sounding breaths) ^[2]
Chest pain, tightness or burning ^[4]

Chronic:

Persistent cough ^[4]
Shortness of breath ^[2]
Increased susceptibility to respiratory illness ^[4]

Symptoms of chronic chemical pneumonitis may or may not be present, and can take months or years to develop to the point of noticeability.^[4]

References

^ Marik, PE (2011 May). "Pulmonary aspiration syndromes.". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 17 (3): 148–54. doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834397d6. PMID 21311332.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Stitham, Sean et. al. "Chemical Pneumonitis: Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia", Medline Plus, 2008-8-29. Retrieved on 2009-10-06.
^ "Call For Change To Mineral Oil Label" PersonalMD, 1998-12-28. Retrieved on 2009-10-06
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Chemical Pneumonitis: Causes, Symptoms" PDRHealth. Retrieved on 2009-10-06

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1. 成人における嚥下性肺炎 aspiration pneumonia in adults
2. 過敏性肺臓炎（外因性アレルギー性肺胞炎）の診断 diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis extrinsic allergic alveolitis
3. 過敏性肺臓炎（外因性アレルギー性肺胞炎）の治療および予後 treatment and prognosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis extrinsic allergic alveolitis
4. 炭化水素中毒 hydrocarbon poisoning
5. 過敏性肺臓炎（外因性アレルギー性肺胞炎）の疫学および原因 epidemiology and causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis extrinsic allergic alveolitis

English Journal

Study of the chemical stability of the capsular polysaccharide produced by Haemophilus influenzae type b.

Cintra Fde O1, Takagi M2.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2015 Feb 13;116:167-72. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.004. Epub 2014 Apr 13.
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a human pathogen that causes severe infections such as pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. Vaccines for Hib infections are based on its capsular polysaccharide conjugated to a protein. This conjugated Hib antigen is included as one of the components of polyvalent
PMID 25458286

Abnormal epithelial structure and chronic lung inflammation after repair of chlorine-induced airway injury.

Mo Y1, Chen J1, Humphrey DM Jr1, Fodah RA2, Warawa JM2, Hoyle GW3.
American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol.2015 Jan 15;308(2):L168-78. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00226.2014. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
Chlorine is a toxic gas used in a variety of industrial processes and is considered a chemical threat agent. High-level chlorine exposure causes acute lung injury, but the long-term effects of acute chlorine exposure are unclear. Here we characterized chronic pulmonary changes following acute chlori
PMID 25398987

Efficacy and long-term clinical outcome of bronchial occlusion with endobronchial Watanabe spigots for persistent air leaks.

Kaneda H1, Minami K2, Nakano T3, Taniguchi Y4, Saito T5, Konobu T6, Saito Y7.
Respiratory investigation.Respir Investig.2015 Jan;53(1):30-6. doi: 10.1016/j.resinv.2014.09.002. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
BACKGROUND: We reviewed our clinical experience and examined the efficacy and long-term outcome of bronchial occlusion with endobronchial Watanabe spigots (EWSs).METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of patients who had undergone endoscopic bronchial occlusion with EWSs between Ju
PMID 25542601

Japanese Journal

Chemical Pneumonitis and Acute Lung Injury Caused by Inhalation of Nickel Fumes

Kunimasa Kei,Arita Machiko,Tachibana Hiromasa,Tsubouchi Kazuya,Konishi Satoshi,Korogi Yohei,Nishiyama Akihiro,Ishida Tadashi
Internal Medicine 50(18), 2035-2038, 2011
… These findings suggested a diagnosis of pneumonitis induced by inhalation of nickel fumes. … Fewer reports describe pneumonitis associated with the inhalation of nickel compared with zinc fumes. …
NAID 130000969319

灯油吸飲に起因する肺膿瘍の一切除例

和田啓伸,門山周文,坂入祐一
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 22(7), 1033-1037, 2008-11-15
症例は30歳代,男性.統合失調症で入院中だったが,自宅外泊中に自殺企図で約100mlの灯油を飲んで,当院に搬送された,初診時の理学所見,画像所見は異常なかったが.入院6時間後より頻呼吸,喘鳴,低酸素血症が出現し,右下肺野に浸潤影を認め,灯油誤嚥による化学性肺炎と診断し,直ちに人工呼吸管理を開始した.抗生剤を使用し肺炎像は収束していったが,中葉に肺膿瘍を疑わせる径6cmの腫瘤影が残存したため中葉切除 …
NAID 110007028973