WordNet

reed pipe with finger holes on which the melody is played (同)melody pipe
one of the bony prominences developed near the upper extremity of the femur to which muscles are attached
mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body (同)Cantharellus cinnabarinus
recite with musical intonation; recite as a chant or a psalm; "The rabbi chanted a prayer" (同)intone, intonate, cantillate
a repetitive song in which as many syllables as necessary are assigned to a single tone

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(単調なリズムで繰り変される)歌 / (一つの音で単調に歌われる)詠唱 / (詠唱調で歌われる)聖歌 / …'を'丹調に繰り返して歌う(叫ぶ) / …'を'詠唱する / (一般に)…'を'歌う / 丹調に繰り返して歌う(叫ぶ) / 詠唱する;聖歌を歌う

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/09 04:48:09」(JST)

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This article is on the bagpipe part; for the musical office, see Cantor.

For people named Chanter, see Chanter (surname).

The chanter of the Great Highland bagpipe.

The chanter is the part of the bagpipe upon which the player creates the melody. It consists of a number of finger-holes, and in its simpler forms looks similar to a recorder. On more elaborate bagpipes, such as the Northumbrian bagpipes or the Uilleann pipes, it also may have a number of keys, to increase the instrument's range and/or the number of keys (in the modal sense) it can play in. Like the rest of the bagpipe, they are often decorated with a variety of substances, including metal (silver/nickel/gold/brass), bone, ivory, or plastic mountings.

Cylindrical vs. Conical bore

Chanters come in two main types, parallel and non-parallel bored (although there is no clear dividing line between the two). This refers to the shape of the internal bore of the chanter. On the Great Highland Bagpipe, the internal bore is conical: it is this that gives the chanter its exceptional volume. The Northumbrian pipes, on the other hand, have a parallel bore, giving them a much sweeter and quieter tone.

Keyed chanter

Although the majority of chanters are unkeyed, some make extensive use of keys to extend the range and/or the number of accidentals the chanter can play. The most common pipe featuring this arrangement is the Northumbrian smallpipe.

Double chanter

Another variant of the chanter is the two-piped chanter (often called a double chanter). The chanter pipes may be designed to be played separately, one with each hand, or the two chanters may be played in unison (as in most Arabic bagpipes). One chanter may provide a drone accompaniment to the other, or the two chanters may play in a harmony of thirds and sixths (as in the southern Italian zampogna). In pipes of the Carpathian basin up to five separate chanter bores may be placed in parallel within a single chanter assembly, providing both melodic and rhythmic possibilities: in the simplest case, one pipe is used to play the melody while the second provides a variable drone, while more complex pipes may separate certain individual notes into separate, stopped pipes.

Intonation

Because of the accompanying drone or drones, the lack of modulation in bagpipe melody, and stable timbre of the reed sound, in many bagpipe traditions the tones of the chanter are tuned using just intonation, although bagpipe tuning is highly variable across traditions.^[1] On the Great Highland bagpipe, tuning of the individual notes of the chanter is done using tape to slightly cover the finger holes as needed. Historically, it was done with wax, as was done with other woodwind instruments.

Practice Chanter

The practice chanter is used as a practice instrument for the Great Highland Bagpipe. It is somewhat similar in appearance, though slightly smaller than the bagpipe chanter, and has a top piece so it can be blown directly from the mouth. It is also used as a first instrument so that learners can initially learn the finger technique before learning the mechanics of controlling the bag. It is almost exclusively made of hardwood or plastic.

The practice chanter of today may also be a descendant of the hornpipe or "stock-and-horn", a historical reed pipe of Scotland with a capped double reed and bell made of horn, played by shepherds, among others.^[2]

References

^ Podnos, Theodor. 1974. Bagpipes and tunings. Detroit Monographs in Musicology 3. Detroit: Information Coordinators
^ "The Bagpipe" - Francis Collinson

External links

Extensive tutorial on learning to play the bagpipes
Information on purchasing a bagpipe practice chanter
Free 'Teach Yourself Bagpipes' method, starting with a chanter together with links to many manufacturers

English Journal

Real Time PCR to detect and differentiate Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis.

McGoldrick A, Chanter J, Gale S, Parr J, Toszeghy M, Line K.SourceAnimal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency Starcross, Exeter, United Kingdom. Adrian.McGoldrick@AHVLA.gsi.gov.uk
Journal of microbiological methods.J Microbiol Methods.2013 Sep;94(3):199-204. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.014. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
Bovine venereal campylobacter infection, caused by Campylobacter fetus venerealis, is of significant economic importance to the livestock industry. Unfortunately, the successful detection and discrimination of C. fetus venerealis from C. fetus fetus continue to be a limitation throughout the world.
PMID 23811208

Mycobacterium bovis infection in a grey seal pup (Halichoerus grypus).

Barnett JE, Booth P, Brewer JI, Chanter J, Cooper T, Crawshaw T, Davison NJ, Greenwood A, Riley P, Smith NH, Wessels M.SourceAnimal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Polwhele, Truro, Cornwall TR4 9AD, UK.
The Veterinary record.Vet Rec.2013 Aug 17-24;173(7):168. doi: 10.1136/vr.101480. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
PMID 23764843

Health and wellbeing boards are at risk in fury over NHS reforms.

Colin-Thomé D, Bhargava A, Kinnair D, Fisher B, Dixon M, Halligan A, Drinkwater C, Peters D, Lewith G, Chanter C, Catto G.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.).BMJ.2012 Feb 7;344:e876. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e876.
PMID 22315290

Japanese Journal

ベルエポックとシャンソン : カフェ・コンセールのスターたち

吉田正明
広島大学フランス文学研究 (31), 1-16, 2012
… Mais, l'enregistrement phonographique ne rendra pas toujours justice à certaines vedettes du café-concert, capables d'enthousiasmer leurs auditeurs par leur présence et leurs trouvailles scéniques, mais plutôt fort décevantes lorsqu'il s'agira de chanter en studio sans le public. …
NAID 120005245249

バシイの『歌唱法』における「作曲」概念と「イタリア趣味」の意識--17世紀後半のフランスの音楽観についての一考察

三島郁
甲南女子大学研究紀要文学・文化編 (45), 81-88, 2008
NAID 40016569274

<論文>学校現場における「国旗・国歌」強制批判の法理 : ある私立中学・高等学校の経験を踏まえて

菅原真
早稲田教育評論 17(1), 41-54, 2003-03-31
国旗・国歌法制定後,公立学校では「国旗掲揚」「国歌斉唱」を拒む教師に対し,行政上の懲戒処分などの法的措置を含む有形無形の圧力が以前より強くかけられている。こうした中で,筆者の勤務する私立中学・高等学校では,従来慣行として行われてきた「君が代斉唱」を卒業式・入学式の式次第から削除した。この根底には,卒業式・入学式において「君が代斉唱」は不可欠の構成要素ではあり得ないという認識がある。本来,学校の設置 …
NAID 110000468414

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