- 関
- See also Termination
WordNet
- fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together"
- a unit of length
- a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls"; (同)string, strand
- a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies"
- a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament
- anything that acts as a restraint
- (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) (同)chemical chain
- a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated concatenation of circumstances" (同)concatenation
- (business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership
- connect or arrange into a chain by linking
- a coming to an end of a contract period; "the expiry of his drivers license" (同)expiration, expiry
- the act of ending something; "the termination of the agreement" (同)ending, conclusion
- British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979) (同)Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Ernst Boris Chain
- bound with chains; "enchained demons strained in anger to gnaw on his bones"; "prisoners in chains" (同)enchained
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『鎖』;(装飾用の)鎖 / 《複数形で》『束縛』,拘束;囚人をつなぐ鎖 / (物事の)『連続』,つながり《+『of』+『名』》 / (商店・銀行・ホテルなどの)チェーン(一連の店が同一資本のもとで連携して経営される方式;その店) / チェーン(測量で用いられる単位;約21.7m) / …'を'『鎖でつなぐ』《+『up』(『together』)+『名,』+『名』+『up』(『together』)》
- 〈C〉〈U〉(…を)終わること,(…の)終了《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(言葉の)語尾
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/04/06 01:15:30」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
For the DNA sequencing method, see Sanger sequencing.
Chain termination is any chemical reaction that ceases the formation of reactive intermediates in a chain propagation step in the course of a polymerization, effectively bringing it to a halt.
IUPAC definition
Chemical reaction in which a chain carrier is converted irreversibly into
a non-propagating species, without the formation of a new chain carrier.[1]
Mechanisms of termination
In polymer chemistry, there are several mechanisms by which a polymerization reaction can terminate depending on the mechanism and circumstances of the reaction. A method of termination that applies to all polymer reactions is the depletion of monomer. In chain growth polymerization, two growing chains can collide head to head causing the growth of both of the chains to stop. In the case of radical or anionic polymerization, chain transfer can occur where the radical at the end of the growing chain can be transferred from the chain to an individual monomer unit causing a new chain to start growing and the previous chain to stop growing. With step-growth polymerization, the reaction can be terminated by adding a monofunctional species containing the same functionality as one or more of the types of monomer used in the reaction. For example, an alcohol R'-OH can be used to stop a reaction between a polyisocyanate and a polyol because it will react with the isocyanate functionality R-N=C=O to produce R-(N-H)-(C=O)-O-R' which is then no longer reactive with the polyol.
References
- ^ "Terminology for reversible-deactivation radical polymerization previously called “controlled” radical or “living” radical polymerization (IUPAC Recommendations 2010)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 82 (2): 483–491. 2010. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-08-04-03.
External links
- IUPAC Gold Book definition: Link
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- CADM1 is expressed as multiple alternatively spliced functional and dysfunctional isoforms in human mast cells.
- Moiseeva EP, Leyland ML, Bradding P.SourceInstitute for Lung Health, Dept. of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. em309@le.ac.uk
- Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2013 Apr;53(4):345-54. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.08.024. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
- Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases and is responsible for adhesion and survival of mast cells (MCs). Differential expression of CADM1 isoforms was found in different species. We previously cloned SP4, SP1, SP6 and a dysfunctional isoform from human
- PMID 23063768
- Chain-amplified photochemical fragmentation of N-alkoxypyridinium salts: proposed reaction of alkoxyl radicals with pyridine bases to give pyridinyl radicals.
- Shukla D, Adiga SP, Ahearn WG, Dinnocenzo JP, Farid S.SourceResearch Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company , Rochester, New York 14650, United States.
- The Journal of organic chemistry.J Org Chem.2013 Mar 1;78(5):1955-64. doi: 10.1021/jo301975j. Epub 2012 Nov 26.
- Photoinduced electron transfer to N-alkoxypyridiniums, which leads to N-O bond cleavage and alkoxyl radical formation, is highly chain amplified in the presence of a pyridine base such as lutidine. Density functional theory calculations support a mechanism in which the alkoxyl radicals react with lu
- PMID 23181705
- Propagation and termination steps in Rh-mediated carbene polymerisation using diazomethane.
- Franssen NM, Finger M, Reek JN, de Bruin B.SourceVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Department of Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis, Universiteit van Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GS Amsterdam, The Netherlands. b.debruin@uva.nl.
- Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003).Dalton Trans.2013 Feb 26;42(12):4139-52. doi: 10.1039/c2dt32584e.
- Rh-mediated carbene (co)polymerisation of diazomethane works best in the presence of Rh(III) catalyst precursors, the use of which leads to a significant increase in polymer yield and molecular weight. Chain termination via β-hydride elimination is severely suppressed for these species, although th
- PMID 23283132
Japanese Journal
- Effect of spectrum sensing overhead on performance for cognitive radio networks with channel bonding
- Katayama Haruki,Masuyama Hiroyuki,Kasahara Shoji,Takahashi Yutaka
- Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization 10(1), 21-40, 2014-01
- … Specifically, we model the system with a multidimensional continuous-time Markov chain whose state is defined by the numbers of primary users, secondary users, and sensing users. … The blocking probability, the forced termination probability and the throughput are derived. … Numerical examples show that the forced termination probability is not affected by sensing overhead, while the blocking probability and the throughput degrade with the increase in the sensing time. …
- NAID 120005347133
- 例外処理を含む関数型プログラム停止性証明のための条件付き依存対法
- 濱口 毅,酒井 正彦
- 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. KBSE, 知能ソフトウェア工学 113(160), 61-66, 2013-07-18
- 先に提案した文脈依存項書換え系(CS-TRS)への変換による例外処理を持つ先行評価に基づく関数型プログラムの停止性・非停止性証明法では,変換で得られるCS-TRSの停止性・非停止性証明に汎用の停止性証明ツールを利用すると非常に短いプログラムしか証明に成功しない.そこで,本論文では例外処理を持つ関数型プログラムから変換されたCS-TRSの停止性証明のための新しい手法を提案する.まず,項書換え系(TR …
- NAID 110009778534
- 例外処理を含む関数型プログラム停止性証明のための条件付き依存対法
- 濱口 毅,酒井 正彦
- 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. SS, ソフトウェアサイエンス 113(159), 61-66, 2013-07-18
- 先に提案した文脈依存項書換え系(CS-TRS)への変換による例外処理を持つ先行評価に基づく関数型プログラムの停止性・非停止性証明法では,変換で得られるCS-TRSの停止性・非停止性証明に汎用の停止性証明ツールを利用すると非常に短いプログラムしか証明に成功しない.そこで,本論文では例外処理を持つ関数型プログラムから変換されたCS-TRSの停止性証明のための新しい手法を提案する.まず,項書換え系(TR …
- NAID 110009778382
Related Links
- Definition of chain termination method in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is chain termination method? Meaning of chain termination method as a legal term. What does chain ? ...
- Elongation of the polypeptide chain continues until a termination codon on mRNA is reached. The termination codon may be UAA, UAG. These codons have been called ‘nonsense codon†because ordinarily no tRNA anticodons ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- open-chain、strand
[★]
- 関
- complete、end、terminate