WordNet
- an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 神経節・ガングリオン，結節腫 《主に手首にできる良性の嚢腫(のうしゆ)》・〔知的･産業的活動の〕中心，中枢 〔of〕
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/13 04:24:20」(JST)
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| Stellate ganglion |
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Plan of right sympathetic cord and splanchnic nerves. (Stellate ganglion not visible, but region is shown.)
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| Details |
| Latin |
ganglion cervicothoracicum, ganglion stellatum |
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From
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inferior cervical ganglion, first thoracic ganglia |
| Identifiers |
| MeSH |
A08.340.315.350.800 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
g_02/12384988 |
| TA |
A14.3.01.020 |
| FMA |
FMA:6469 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
The stellate ganglion (or cervicothoracic ganglion) is a sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion, which exists in 80% of cases. Stellate ganglion is located at the level of C7 (7th cervical vertebrae), anterior to the transverse process of C7, superior to the neck of the first rib, and just below the subclavian artery.
Clinical significance
The clinical significance of these ganglia is that they may be cut in order to decrease the symptoms exhibited by Raynaud's phenomenon and hyperhydrosis (extreme sweating) of the hands. Injection of local anesthetics near the stellate ganglion can sometimes mitigate the symptoms of sympathetically mediated pain such as complex regional pain syndrome type I (reflex sympathetic dystrophy). Injection is often given near the Chassaignac's Tubercle (anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6) due to this being an important landmark lateral to the cricoid cartilage. It is thought that anesthetic is spread along the paravertebral muscles to the stellate ganglion.
Stellate-ganglion block also shows great potential as a means of reducing the number of hot flashes and night awakenings suffered by breast cancer survivors and women experiencing extreme menopause.[1]
Complications associated with a stellate ganglion block include Horner's syndrome, intra-arterial or intravenous injection, difficulty swallowing, vocal cord paralysis, epidural spread of local anaesthetic and pneumothorax.
Blunt needling of the stellate ganglion with an acupuncture needle is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to decrease sympathetically mediated symptoms as well.
Block of the stellate ganglion has also been explored in coronary artery bypass surgery.[2]
Anatomy
The stellate ganglion lies in front of the neck of the first rib. The vertebral artery lies anterior to the ganglion as it has just originated from the subclavian artery. After passing over the ganglion, the artery enters the vertebral foramen and lies posterior to the anterior tubercle of C6 (Chassaignac's Tubercle).[3]
References
- ^ Lancet, 2008
- ^ Yildirim V, Akay HT, Bingol H, et al. (2007). "Pre-emptive stellate ganglion block increases the patency of radial artery grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery". Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 51 (4): 434–40. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01260.x. PMID 17378781.
- ^ Raj, Practical Management of Pain, 3rd ed, pp656-657
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Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system (TA A14.3, GA 9.968)
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Head/
cranial |
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Sympathetic
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- Ciliary ganglion: roots
- Short ciliary
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|
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Parasympathetic
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- Ciliary ganglion: roots
- Short ciliary
- Pterygopalatine ganglion: deep petrosal
- nerve of pterygoid canal
- branches of distribution: greater palatine
- inferior posterior nasal branches
- lesser palatine
- nasopalatine
- medial superior posterior nasal branches
- pharyngeal
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|
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Neck/
cervical |
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Sympathetic
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- paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia
- Stellate ganglion
- prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus
- Internal carotid
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Chest/
thorax |
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Sympathetic
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- paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia
- prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus
- Esophageal plexus
- Pulmonary plexus
- Thoracic aortic plexus
- splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary
- thoracic
- cardiac nerves: Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
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|
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Abdomen/
Lumbar |
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Sympathetic
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- paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia
- prevertebral ganglia:
- Celiac ganglia
- Aorticorenal
- Superior mesenteric ganglion
- Inferior mesenteric ganglion
- prevertebral plexus:
- Celiac plexus
- Hepatic
- Splenic
- Pancreatic
- aorticorenal
- Abdominal aortic plexus
- Renal/Suprarenal
- Superior mesenteric
- Inferior mesenteric
- Superior hypogastric
- hypogastric nerve
- Superior rectal
- Inferior hypogastric
- Vesical
- Prostatic / Cavernous nerves of penis
- Uterovaginal
- Middle rectal
- splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves
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Enteric
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- Meissner's plexus
- Auerbach's plexus
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Pelvis/
sacral |
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Sympathetic
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- paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia
- Ganglion impar
- splanchnic nerves: Sacral splanchnic nerves
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Parasympathetic
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- splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves
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Index of the peripheral nervous system
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|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- Nerves
- cranial
- trigeminal
- cervical
- brachial
- lumbosacral plexus
- somatosensory
- autonomic
- Physiology
- reflexes
- proteins
- neurotransmitters
- transporters
- Development
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|
| Disease |
- Autonomic
- Congenital
- Injury
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
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| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Local anesthetics
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Effect of cervical sympathetic ganglionectomy on facial nerve reconstruction using polyglycolic acid-collagen tubes.
- Tsujimoto G1, Sunada K2, Nakamura T3.
- Brain research.Brain Res.2017 Aug 15;1669:79-88. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.05.028. Epub 2017 May 31.
- PMID 28578166
- Regulating autonomic nervous system homeostasis improves pulmonary function in rabbits with acute lung injury.
- Liu Y1, Tao T1, Li W2, Bo Y3.
- BMC pulmonary medicine.BMC Pulm Med.2017 Jul 3;17(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s12890-017-0436-0.
- PMID 28673269
Japanese Journal
- ディスポーザブルインフユーザーを用いた持続硬膜外ブロックによる突発性難聴の治療
- [SHORT REPORTS]Stellate Ganglion Blockade Activates Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in the Tibial Nerve in Humans
- Environmental medicine : annual report of the Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University 38(1), 85-88, 1994-10
- NAID 110002966207
Related Links
- ganglion [gang´gle-on] (pl. gan´glia, ganglions) (Gr.) 1. a knot or knotlike mass; in anatomic nomenclature, a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. The term is occasionally applied to certain nuclear ...
- ganglion [gang´gle-on] (pl. gan´glia, ganglions) (Gr.) 1. a knot or knotlike mass; in anatomic nomenclature, a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. The term is occasionally applied to certain nuclear ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- cervicothoracic ganglion (N)
- ラ
- ganglion cervicothoracicum
- 同
- 星状神経節 stellate ganglion ganglion stellatum、頸胸神経節
-星状神経節