cerebral salt wasting syndrome

中枢性塩類喪失症候群 CSWS

WordNet

1. sprinkle as if with salt; "the rebels had salted the fields with mines and traps"
2. a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)
3. preserve with salt; "people used to salt meats on ships"
4. the taste experience when common salt is taken into the mouth (同)saltiness, salinity
5. white crystalline form of especially sodium chloride used to season and preserve food (同)table_salt, common salt
6. (of speech) painful or bitter; "salt scorn"- Shakespeare; "a salt apology"
7. add salt to
8. add zest or liveliness to; "She salts her lectures with jokes"
9. of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; "cerebral hemisphere"; "cerebral activity"
10. involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; "a cerebral approach to the problem"; "cerebral drama" (同)intellectual
11. a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
12. a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
13. (used especially of meats) preserved in salt (同)salt-cured, brine-cured

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉『塩』食塩 / 〈U〉(化学で)塩 / 《複数形で》薬用塩類(Epsom salt[s],smelling salts) / 〈U〉生気(刺激,興趣)を与えるもの / 〈C〉《話》(特に老練な)水夫 / 塩の,塩を含んでいる;塩気のある,塩辛い / 塩漬けにした / (土地が)塩につかった / 塩信でできた,塩水の中で育つ / 〈食べ物〉‘を'塩で味をつける;〈肉・魚など〉‘を'塩漬けにして保存する《+『名』+『down』,+『down』+『名』》 / 《受動態で》(…で)〈言葉・話なで〉‘を'ぴりっとさせる,‘に'味をつける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》
2. 大脳の,脳の / 頭脳的な,知的な
3. (疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態
4. 衰弱(荒廃)させる
5. 塩で味をつけて,塩味の;塩漬けの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/03 15:04:41」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome
Classification and external resources
DiseasesDB	32234
eMedicine	ped/354

Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) is a rare endocrine condition featuring hyponatremia (low blood sodium concentration) and dehydration in response to trauma/injury or the presence of tumors in or surrounding the brain. This form of hyponatraemia is due to excessive renal sodium excretion resulting from a centrally mediated process.

The condition was initially described in 1950.

Symptoms

Primary symptoms include polyuria (at least 2.5 liters in the course of 24 hours, for adults) due to inadequate sodium retention in the body, polydipsia (excessive thirst) due to polyuria, extreme salt cravings (e.g. desire to drink pickle juice), dysautonomia, and dehydration. Patients often "self-medicate" by naturally gravitating toward a high-sodium diet and by dramatically increasing their water intake. Advanced symptoms include muscle cramps, lightheadedness, dizziness or vertigo, feelings of anxiety or panic (not mentally induced), tachycardia (rapid heart rate) or bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension and orthostatic hypotension sometimes resulting in syncope. Other symptoms frequently associated with dysautonomia include: headaches, pallor, malaise, facial flushing, constipation or diarrhea, nausea, acid reflux, visual disturbances, numbness, nerve pain, trouble breathing, chest pains, loss of consciousness and seizures.

Causes and Diagnosis

CSWS is usually caused by brain injury/trauma or cerebral lesion, tumor, or hematoma. CSWS is a diagnosis of exclusion and may be difficult to distinguish from the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), which develops under similar circumstances and also presents with hyponatremia. The main clinical difference is that of total fluid status of the patient: CSWS leads to a relative or overt hypovolemia whereas SIADH is consistent with a normal to hypervolemic range. Random urine sodium concentrations tend to be lower than 100 mEq/L in CSWS and greater in SIADH . If blood-sodium levels increase when fluids are restricted, SIADH is more likely.

Treatment

While CSWS usually appears within the first week after brain injury and spontaneously resolves in 2–4 weeks, it can sometimes last for months or years. While fluid restriction is used to treat SIADH, CSWS requires aggressive hydration and correction of the low sodium levels using sodium chloride tablets. Sometimes, fludrocortisone (a mineralocorticoid) improves the hyponatremia.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 中枢性塩類喪失 cerebral salt wasting
• 2. 抗利尿ホルモン不適合分泌（SIADH）症候群の病態生理および病因 pathophysiology and etiology of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion siadh
• 3. 小児における低ナトリウム血症 hyponatremia in children
• 4. 低尿酸血症：原因および臨床的意義 hypouricemia causes and clinical significance
• 5. 小児における急性中毒性代謝性脳症 acute toxic metabolic encephalopathy in children

English Journal

• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis and cerebral salt wasting syndrome: are they different and does it matter?

• Moritz ML.SourceDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, 15224, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, moritzml@upmc.edu.
• Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany).Pediatr Nephrol.2012 May;27(5):689-93. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
• The syndrome of inappropriate antidiudresis (SIAD) and cerebral salt wasting (CSW) are similar conditions with the main difference being the absence or presence of volume depletion. The two conditions may be indistinguishable at presentation, as volume status is difficult to assess, which can lead t
• PMID 22358189

• Renal salt-wasting syndrome in children with intracranial disorders.

• Bettinelli A, Longoni L, Tammaro F, Faré PB, Garzoni L, Bianchetti MG.SourceDepartment of Pediatrics, San Leopoldo Mandic Hospital, Largo Mandic 1, 23807, Merate-Lecco, Italy, a.bettinelli@ospedale.lecco.it.
• Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany).Pediatr Nephrol.2012 May;27(5):733-9. Epub 2012 Jan 12.
• Hypotonic hyponatremia, a serious and recognized complication of any intracranial disorder, results from extra-cellular fluid volume depletion, inappropriate anti-diuresis or renal salt-wasting. The putative mechanisms by which intracranial disorders might lead to renal salt-wasting are either a dis
• PMID 22237777

• Central neurogenic diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and cerebral salt-wasting syndrome in traumatic brain injury.

• John CC, Day MW.AbstractCentral neurogenic diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and cerebral salt-wasting syndrome are secondary events that affect patients with traumatic brain injury. All 3 syndromes affect both sodium and water balance; however, they have differences in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Differentiating between hypernatremia (central neurogenic diabetes insipidus) and the 2 hyponatremia syndromes (syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and cerebral salt-wasting syndrome) is critical for preventing worsening neurological outcomes in patients with head injuries.
• Critical care nurse.Crit Care Nurse.2012 Apr;32(2):e1-7.
• Central neurogenic diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and cerebral salt-wasting syndrome are secondary events that affect patients with traumatic brain injury. All 3 syndromes affect both sodium and water balance; however, they have differences in pathop
• PMID 22467619

• 2 Differential diagnosis of hyponatraemia.

• Thompson C, Berl T, Tejedor A, Johannsson G.SourceAcademic Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital and RCSI Medical School, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland.
• Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism.Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab.2012 Mar;26 Suppl 1:S7-S15.
• The appropriate management of hyponatraemia is reliant on the accurate identification of the underlying cause of the hyponatraemia. In the light of evidence which has shown that the use of a clinical algorithm appears to improve accuracy in the differential diagnosis of hyponatraemia, the European H
• PMID 22469249

Japanese Journal

• くも膜下出血と中枢性塩類喪失症候群(cerebral salt wasting syndrome:CSWS)との関連について

• 西 啓亨,照屋 孝二,渕上 竜也 [他]
• ICUとCCU 35(7), 577-580, 2011-07
• NAID 40018968281

• 抗利尿ホルモン不適切分泌症候群(SIADH)と中枢性塩喪失症候群(CSWS) (特集 小児の輸液ベーシックガイド)

• 望月 弘
• 小児科診療 74(2), 233-239,308, 2011-02
• NAID 40018277209

Related Links

• Cerebral Salt-Wasting Syndrome

First described by Peters et al in 1950, cerebral salt-wasting syndrome is defined by the development of extracellular volume depletion due to a renal sodium transport abnormality in patients with intracranial disease and normal adrenal and thyroid function. [1] As such, it may be more appropriately ...

• 脳疾患における低Na:中枢性塩類喪失症候群Cerebral salt ...

脳疾患における低Na:中枢性塩類喪失症候群Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome(CSWS） 脳外傷やくも膜下出血の患者さんで時折みられる低NaはCSWSであることが多いのですが、よくSIADHなどと間違えて治療されているのを見かけます ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「中枢性塩類喪失症候群」「CSWS」「脳性塩分喪失症候群」
拡張検索	「cerebral salt-wasting syndrome」
関連記事	「wasting」「cerebral」「salt」「syndrome」

「中枢性塩類喪失症候群」

　　[★]

英

cerebral salt wasting syndrome CSWS

同

脳性塩類喪失症候群？、central salt wasting syndrome？

「CSWS」

　　[★] 中枢性塩類喪失症候群 cerebral salt wasting syndrome

「脳性塩分喪失症候群」

　　[★]

英

cerebral salt wasting syndrome, CSWS

「cerebral salt-wasting syndrome」

　　[★] 中枢性塩喪失症候群

「wasting」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 荒廃させる、破壊的な。消耗性の

• n.

• 浪費、濫費。消耗。消尽

wasting of the masseter, temporal and sternomastoid muscles(咬筋、側頭筋、胸鎖乳突筋の筋萎縮)

関

atrophic, consumption, exhaust, exhaustion, exhaustive, marantic, marasmus, waste

　

「cerebral」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 大脳の、大脳性の、脳性の、脳の

関

brain、cerebri、cerebro、cerebrum、encephalic、encephalo、encephalon

　 　 　

「salt」

　　[★]

• n.

• 塩、塩類

関

saline

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「syndrome」

　　[★]

• n.

• 症候群