cerebral arteriosclerosis

脳動脈硬化症

関

cerebral atherosclerosis、intracranial arteriosclerosis、intracranial atherosclerosis

WordNet

1. of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; "cerebral hemisphere"; "cerebral activity"
2. involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; "a cerebral approach to the problem"; "cerebral drama" (同)intellectual
3. sclerosis of the arterial walls (同)arterial sclerosis, hardening of the arteries, induration of the arteries, coronary-artery disease

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 大脳の,脳の / 頭脳的な,知的な
2. 動脈硬化[症]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/26 17:56:04」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Arteriosclerosis
Blood vessel-plaque and cholesterol
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Pathology
ICD-10	I25.0,I25.1,I70
DiseasesDB	1039
NCI	Arteriosclerosis
MeSH	D001161

Arteriosclerosis is the thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries. This process gradually restricts the blood flow to one's organs and tissues and can lead to severe health risks brought on by atherosclerosis, which is a specific form of arteriosclerosis caused by the buildup of fatty plaques, cholesterol, and some other substances in and on the artery walls.

Pathology

Moenckeberg arteriosclerosis

The lesions of arteriosclerosis begin as the intima in the arterial wall start to fill up with the deposition of cellular wastes. As these start to mature, they can take different forms of arteriosclerosis. All are linked through common features such as the stiffening of arterial vessels, thickening of arterial walls and degenerative nature of the disease.

• Arteriolosclerosis, unlike atherosclerosis, an arteriosclerosis is a sclerosis that only affects small arteries and arterioles, which carry important nutrients and blood to the body’s organs.
• Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of arteries from a build up of plaque, made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin, inside the arteries. This affects large and medium-sized arteries; however, its positioning varies person to person.
• Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis or medial calcific sclerosis is seen mostly in the elderly, commonly in arteries of the extremities.

• Hyperplastic: Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis refers to the type of arteriosclerosis that affects the lumen.
• Hyaline type: Hyaline arteriosclerosis, also referred to as arterial hyalinosis and arteriolar hyalinosis, refers to lesions that are caused by the deposition of homogenous pink hyaline.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis can be based on a physical exam, blood test, EKG and the results of these tests (among other exams).

Treatment

ACE inhibitor

Treatment is often in the form of preventative measures of prophylaxis. Drug therapy for underlying conditions, such as drugs for the treatment of high cholesterol, drugs to treat high blood pressure (ACE inhibitors), and anti-coagulant drugs, are often prescribed to help prevent arteriosclerosis.Lifestyle changes such as increasing exercise, stopping smoking, and moderating alcohol intake are also advised.

There are various types of surgery:

• Angioplasty and stent placement: A catheter is first inserted into the blocked/narrowed part of your artery, followed by a second one with a deflated balloon which is passed through the catheter into the narrowed area. The balloon is then inflated, pushing the deposits back against the arterial walls, and then a mesh tube is usually left behind to prevent the artery from retightening.
• Coronary artery bypass surgery: This surgery creates a new pathway for blood to flow to the heart. Taking a healthy piece of vein, the surgeon attaches it to the coronary artery, just above and below the blockage to allow bypass.
• Endarterectomy: This is the general procedure for the surgical removal of plaque from the artery that has become narrowed, or blocked.
• Thrombolytic therapy: is a treatment used to break up masses of plaque inside the arteries via intravenous clot-dissolving medicine.

Epidemiology

In 2008, the US had an estimate of 16 million atherosclerotic heart disease and 5.8 million strokes. Cardiovascular diseases that were caused by arteriosclerosis also caused almost 812,000 deaths in 2008, more than any other cause, including cancer. About 1.2 million Americans are predicted to have a heart attack each year.

History

This phenomenon may have existed since ancient times; however, its diagnostics and clinical implications weren't recognized until the 20th century. While many cases have been observed and recorded, the term arteriosclerosis wasn't used until Jean Fréderic Martin Lobstein coined it while he was analyzing the composition of calcified arterial lesions.

Society and culture

The name comes from the Greek words αρτηρία, meaning artery, and σκληρωτικός, meaning hardened.

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 頭蓋内大血管の動脈硬化 intracranial large artery atherosclerosis
• 2. アテローム性動脈硬化症の病因 pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
• 3. アテローム性プラークに起因する塞栓症：アテローム塞栓症（コレステロール結晶塞栓症） embolism from atherosclerotic plaque atheroembolism cholesterol crystal embolism
• 4. 頸動脈内膜剥離術および頸動脈ステント留置術の麻酔 anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting
• 5. アテローム性動脈硬化リスクを有する小児のマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of the child at risk for atherosclerosis

English Journal

• Failure of Perivascular Drainage of β-amyloid in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

• Hawkes CA1, Jayakody N, Johnston DA, Bechmann I, Carare RO.
• Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland).Brain Pathol.2014 Jul;24(4):396-403. doi: 10.1111/bpa.12159.
• In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulates as insoluble plaques in the brain and deposits in blood vessel walls as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The severity of CAA correlates with the degree of cognitive decline in dementia. The distribution of Aβ in the walls of capillaries and art
• PMID 24946077

• Evaluating the diagnostic value of vWF:Ag, D-D and FDP in patients with acute cerebral infarction using ROC curves.

• Shi D1, Xia T2, Feng H3, Cheng Q3.
• Experimental and therapeutic medicine.Exp Ther Med.2014 Jun;7(6):1573-1577. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
• Cerebral infarction is usually associated with arteriosclerosis, vascular endothelial cell injury and blood flow through the vascular system. The diagnostic value of markers, including von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), D-dimer (D-D) and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product (FDP), have not bee
• PMID 24926346

• The Role of Cholesterol Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease.

• Sun JH1, Yu JT, Tan L.
• Molecular neurobiology.Mol Neurobiol.2014 May 18. [Epub ahead of print]
• Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementias and becoming a worldwide problem. As the time goes by, more and more researches show that AD is related to cholesterol in the brain. Both the Aβ and the phosphorylated tau are believed to be the key factors in the pathogenesis of AD. Cho
• PMID 24838626

Japanese Journal

• 認知症の診断と治療を目指した小血管病の管理 (特集 あしたの脳梗塞)

• 猪原 匡史
• Brain and nerve : 神経研究の進歩 65(7), 801-809, 2013-07
• NAID 40019739989

• 動脈硬化の治療 : 脳血管 (第5土曜特集 動脈硬化のすべて) -- (治療)

• 橋本 洋一郎,伊藤 康幸
• 医学のあゆみ 245(13), 12551-1256, 2013-06-29
• NAID 40019677041

• 動脈硬化の病理(<特集>動脈硬化とアフェレシス)

• 上田 善彦,佐藤 英一,植田 初江
• 日本アフェレシス学会雑誌 32(1), 7-14, 2013-02-28
• … Arteriosclerosis is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a major cause of death in these patients, especially those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). …
• NAID 110009580161

Related Links

• Cerebral Arteriosclerosis Information Page: National Institute ...

What is Cerebral Arteriosclerosis? Cerebral arteriosclerosis is the result of thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries in the brain. Symptoms of cerebral arteriosclerosis include headache ...

• Cerebral Arteriosclerosis : Monograph - Nucleus Medical ...

What is Cerebral Arteriosclerosis? Cerebral arteriosclerosis is the result of thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries in the brain. Symptoms of cerebral arteriosclerosis include headache, facial pain, and impaired vision.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「脳動脈硬化症」「cerebral atherosclerosis」「intracranial arteriosclerosis」
関連記事	「cerebral」

「脳動脈硬化症」

　　[★]

英

cerebral atherosclerosis、cerebral arteriosclerosis

関

脳動脈硬化、脳粥状硬化症、頭蓋内動脈硬化症、頭蓋内アテローム動脈硬化症

「cerebral atherosclerosis」

　　[★]

脳動脈硬化、脳動脈硬化症、脳粥状硬化症

関

cerebral arteriosclerosis、intracranial arteriosclerosis、intracranial atherosclerosis

「intracranial arteriosclerosis」

　　[★]

頭蓋内動脈硬化症

関

cerebral arteriosclerosis、cerebral atherosclerosis、intracranial atherosclerosis

「cerebral」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 大脳の、大脳性の、脳性の、脳の

関

brain、cerebri、cerebro、cerebrum、encephalic、encephalo、encephalon