WordNet
- of or relating to the cerebrum or brain; "cerebral hemisphere"; "cerebral activity"
- involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct; "a cerebral approach to the problem"; "cerebral drama" (同)intellectual
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 大脳の,脳の / 頭脳的な,知的な
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/02/24 03:47:14」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Cerebral arteries describe three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which irrigate the cerebrum of the brain. The three main arteries consist of the:
- Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
- Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
- Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
Both the ACA and MCA originate from the cerebral portion of internal carotid artery, while PCA branches from the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the anterior portion of the basilar artery. The three pairs of arteries are linked via the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries. All three arteries send out arteries that perforate brain in the medial central portions prior to branching and bifurcating further.
The arteries are usually divided into different segments from 1-4 or 5 to denote how far the level of the branch with the lower numbers denoting vessels closer to the source artery. Even though the arteries branching off these vessels retain some aspect of constancy in terms of size and position, a great amount of variety in topography, position, source and prominence nevertheless exists.[1][2]
References
- ^ Krayenbühl, Hugo; Yaşargil, Mahmut Gazi; Huber, Peter; Bosse, George (1982), Cerebral Angiography, Thieme, pp. 79–91, ISBN 978-0-86577-067-6
- ^ Osborn, Anne G.; Jacobs, John M. (1999), Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 978-0-397-58404-8
Arteries of the head and neck
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CC |
EC
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sup. thyroid
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- superior laryngeal
- sternocleidomastoid branch
- infrahyoid branch
- cricothyroid branch
- glandular branches
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asc. pharyngeal
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- posterior meningeal
- pharyngeal branches
- inferior tympanic
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lingual
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- suprahyoid
- dorsal lingual
- deep lingual
- sublingual
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facial
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- cervical branches (ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, glandular)
- facial branches (inferior labial
- superior labial / nasal septum
- lateral nasal
- angular)
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occipital
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- sternocleidomastoid
- meningeal
- occipital
- auricular
- descending
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post. auricular
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- stylomastoid
- stapedial
- auricular
- occipital
- Parotid
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sup. temporal
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- transverse facial
- middle temporal (zygomatico-orbital)
- anterior auricular
- frontal
- parietal
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maxillary
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1st part / mandibular
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- anterior tympanic
- deep auricular
- middle meningeal (superior tympanic, petrosal)
- accessory meningeal
- inferior alveolar (mental, mylohyoid)
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2nd part / pterygoid
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- to muscles of mastication (deep temporal, pterygoid, masseteric)
- buccal
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3rd part / pterygopalatine
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- posterior superior alveolar
- infraorbital (anterior superior alveolar)
- descending palatine (greater palatine, lesser palatine)
- artery of the pterygoid canal
- sphenopalatine (posterior septal branches, posterior lateral nasal)
- pharyngeal
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IC
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cervical
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petrous
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cavernous/
ophthalmic
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- orbital group:anterior ethmoidal (anterior septal, anterior lateral nasal, anterior meningeal)
- posterior ethmoidal
- lacrimal (lateral palpebral)
- medial palpebral
- terminal (supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal)
ocular group: central retinal
- ciliary (short posterior, long posterior, anterior)
- hypophysial (superior, inferior)
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Willis/Cerebral
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- ACA (anterior communicating, medial striate)
- MCA (anterolateral central, Orbitofrontal artery, Prefrontal artery, Superior terminal branch, Inferior terminal branch, Anterior temporal branch)
- posterior communicating
- anterior choroidal
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SC |
vertebral artery
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- meningeal
- spinal (posterior, anterior)
- basilar: pontine
- labyrinthine
- cerebellar (AICA, SCA, PICA)
- cerebral (PCA)
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thyrocervical trunk
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inferior thyroid
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- inferior laryngeal
- tracheal
- esophageal
- ascending cervical
- pharyngeal
- glandular branches
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transverse cervical
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- superficial branch
- deep branch / dorsal scapular
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suprascapular
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costocervical trunk
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- deep cervical
- Supreme Intercostal artery
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Index of the circulatory system
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Arteries
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen
- legs
- Veins
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen and pelvis
- legs
- Development
- Cells
- Physiology
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Disease |
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Lymphatic vessels
- Injury
- Vasculitis
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- beta blockers
- channel blockers
- diuretics
- nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives
- peripheral vasodilators
- renin–angiotensin system
- sympatholytic antihypertensives
- vasoprotectives
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Proinflammatory cytokines in the embolic model of cerebral ischemia in rat.
- Jafarinaveh HR, Allahtavakoli M, Rezazadeh H, Kazemi Arababadi M, Taghavi MM, Shamsizadeh A, Rahmani MR.Author information Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. rahmanir47@yahoo.com.AbstractIncreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been recorded after the onset of transient or permanent brain ischemia and are usually associated with exacerbation of ischemic injury. Embolic stroke model is more relevant to the pathophysiological situation in such patients, because the majority of ischemic injuries in humans are induced by old thrombi that originate from the heart and carotid arteries. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate changes of inflammatory cytokines after embolic stroke. Rats were subjected to embolic stroke, induced by a natural old clot which was injected in Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), or sham stroke, which the same volume of saline was injected into the MCA. At 48 h after stroke induction, the levels of 5 cytokines (IL-1α and β, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were determined in 500 µg of total protein using the Bio-Plex Rat Cytokine Array (BioRad), according to the manufacturer's instructions in ischemic and non-ischemic cortices. While stroke animals showed infarctions and neurological deficits, we did not observe any cerebral infarction and neurological deficits in sham-operated animals. The levels of IL-1α (p=0.000) and -β (p =0.004), IL-6 (p =0.008), TNF-α (p =0.000) and IFN-γ (p =0.044) were significantly increased compared to sham treated animals. The findings of the present study suggest that part of ischemic injury in the embolic stroke may be mediated through the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines.
- Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology.Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol.2014 Apr;13(2):125-30.
- Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been recorded after the onset of transient or permanent brain ischemia and are usually associated with exacerbation of ischemic injury. Embolic stroke model is more relevant to the pathophysiological situation in such patients, because the majority
- PMID 24338258
- Multimodal Nanoprobes to target cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer's disease brain.
- Jaruszewski KM1, Curran GL2, Swaminathan SK3, Rosenberg JT4, Grant SC5, Ramakrishnan S5, Lowe VJ6, Poduslo JF2, Kandimalla KK7.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.2Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.3Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.4The Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallassee, FL 32310, USA.5The Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.6Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.7Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: kkandima@umn.edu.AbstractCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) results from the accumulation of Aβ proteins primarily within the media and adventitia of small arteries and capillaries of the cortex and leptomeninges. CAA affects a majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and is associated with a rapid decline in cognitive reserve. Unfortunately, there is no pre-mortem diagnosis available for CAA. Furthermore, treatment options are few and relatively ineffective. To combat this issue, we have designed nanovehicles (nanoparticles-IgG4.1) capable of targeting cerebrovascular amyloid (CVA) and serving as early diagnostic and therapeutic agents. These nanovehicles were loaded with Gadolinium (Gd) based (Magnevist(®)) magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) agents, such as (125)I. In addition, the nanovehicles carry either anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloidogenic agents such as curcumin or immunosuppressants such as dexamethasone, which were previously shown to reduce cerebrovascular inflammation. Owing to the anti-amyloid antibody (IgG4.1) grafted on the surface, the nanovehicles are capable of specifically targeting CVA deposits. The nanovehicles effectively marginate from the blood flow to the vascular wall as determined by using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technology. They demonstrate excellent distribution to the brain vasculature and target CVA, thus providing MRI and SPECT contrast specific to the CVA in the brain. In addition, they also display the potential to carry therapeutic agents to reduce cerebrovascular inflammation associated with CAA, which is believed to trigger hemorrhage in CAA patients.
- Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Feb;35(6):1967-76. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.075. Epub 2013 Dec 9.
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) results from the accumulation of Aβ proteins primarily within the media and adventitia of small arteries and capillaries of the cortex and leptomeninges. CAA affects a majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and is associated with a rapid decline in cognitive
- PMID 24331706
Japanese Journal
- A Case of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Complicated with Repeated Intracerebral Hemorrhage due to Quasi-Moyamoya Disease
- Hayashi Kentaro,Morofuji Yoichi,Horie Nobutaka,Izumo Tsuyoshi
- Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 24(5), e109-e113, 2015-05
- … Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique occlusive disease of the bilateral internal carotid arteries with moyamoya vessels. … We report a case of quasi-MMD complicated with repeated intracerebral hemorrhage during long-term follow-up for cerebral ischemia. … A 35-year-old woman who had a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 visited our hospital because of incidentally found cerebral infarction. …
- NAID 120005607950
- Fluorescence Angiography with Temporary Occlusion to Confirm the Distal Artery: Technical Notes
- MURAI Yasuo,MIZUNARI Takayuki,KOKETSU Kenta,TATEYAMA Kojiro,KOBAYASHI Shiro,MORITA Akio,TERAMOTO Akira
- Neurologia medico-chirurgica 55(8), 683-688, 2015
- … Confirming the patency of the proximal parent and distal artery is necessary in cerebral aneurysm surgery. … To understand the relationship between the parent and distal arteries of the aneurysm, the blood vessels running through the subarachnoid space should be extensively dissected, which is time consuming. … With regard to middle cerebral artery (MCA), the procedure is conducted as follows. …
- NAID 130005093141
Related Links
- The middle cerebral artery is the artery most often occluded in stroke. Posterior Cerebral Artery The posterior cerebral arteries stem in most individuals from the basilar artery but sometimes originate from the ipsilateral internal carotid ...
- ce·re·bral ar·ter·ies arteries related to and supplying the cerebral cortex. See: anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery. ... The sudden formation of blood clots in coronary and cerebral arteries is the ...
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- 関
- brain、cerebri、cerebro、cerebrum、encephalic、encephalo、encephalon