WordNet
- a collection of blood under the scalp of a newborn; caused by pressure during birth (同)cephalohematoma
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/06 00:10:42」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Cephalohematoma |
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Newborn scalp haematomata
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| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
pediatrics |
| ICD-10 |
P12 |
| ICD-9-CM |
767.19 |
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[edit on Wikidata]
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A cephalohaematoma (British English) or cephalohematoma (American English) is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of a newborn baby secondary to rupture of blood vessels crossing the periosteum. Because the swelling is subperiosteal its boundaries are limited by the individual bones, in contrast to a Caput succedaneum.
Contents
- 1 Causes
- 2 Symptoms
- 3 Management
- 4 See also
- 5 External links
Causes
The usual causes of a cephalohematoma are a prolonged second stage of labor or instrumental delivery, particularly ventouse.
Symptoms
If severe the child may develop jaundice, anemia or hypotension. In some cases it may be an indication of a linear skull fracture or be at risk of an infection leading to osteomyelitis or meningitis.
The swelling of a cephalohematoma takes weeks to resolve as the blood clot is slowly absorbed from the periphery towards the centre. In time the swelling hardens (calcification) leaving a relatively softer centre so that it appears as a 'depressed fracture'.
Cephalohematoma should be distinguished from another scalp bleeding called subgaleal hemorrhage (also called subaponeurotic hemorrhage), which is blood between the scalp and skull bone (above the periosteum) and is more extensive. It is more prone to complications, especially anemia and bruising.
Management
No laboratory studies usually are necessary. Vitamin C deficiency has been reported to possibly be associated with development of cephalohematomas. Skull x-ray or CT scanning is used if neurological symptoms appear. Usual management is mainly observation. Phototherapy may be necessary if blood accumulation is significant leading to jaundice. Rarely anaemia can develop needing blood transfusion. Do not aspirate to remove accumulated blood because of the risk of infection and abscess formation. The presence of a bleeding disorder should be considered but is rare. Skull radiography or CT scanning is also used if concomitant depressed skull fracture is a possibility. It may take weeks and months to resolve and disappear completely.
See also
- Caput succedaneum
- Cephal
- Chignon
- Hematoma
- Subgaleal hemorrhage
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Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period / fetal disease (P, 760–779)
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Maternal factors and
complications of pregnancy,
labour and delivery |
| placenta: |
- Placenta praevia
- Placental insufficiency
- Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
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| chorion/amnion: |
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| umbilical cord: |
- Umbilical cord prolapse
- Nuchal cord
- Single umbilical artery
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Length of gestation
and fetal growth |
- Small for gestational age/Large for gestational age
- Preterm birth/Postmature birth
- Intrauterine growth restriction
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| Birth trauma |
- scalp
- Cephalhematoma
- Chignon
- Caput succedaneum
- Subgaleal hemorrhage
- Brachial plexus lesion
- Erb's palsy
- Klumpke paralysis
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| By system |
| Respiratory |
- Intrauterine hypoxia
- Infant respiratory distress syndrome
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn
- Meconium aspiration syndrome
- pleural disease
- Pneumothorax
- Pneumomediastinum
- Wilson–Mikity syndrome
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
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| Cardiovascular |
- Pneumopericardium
- Persistent fetal circulation
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|
Haemorrhagic and
hematologic disease |
- Vitamin K deficiency
- Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
- HDN
- ABO
- Anti-Kell
- Rh c
- Rh D
- Rh E
- Hydrops fetalis
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Kernicterus
- Neonatal jaundice
- Velamentous cord insertion
- Intraventricular hemorrhage
- Germinal matrix hemorrhage
- Anemia of prematurity
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| Digestive |
- Ileus
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Meconium peritonitis
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Integument and
thermoregulation |
- Erythema toxicum
- Sclerema neonatorum
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| Nervous system |
- Periventricular leukomalacia
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| Musculoskeletal |
- Gray baby syndrome
- muscle tone
- Congenital hypertonia
- Congenital hypotonia
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| Infectious |
- Vertically transmitted infection
- Neonatal infection
- Congenital rubella syndrome
- Neonatal herpes simplex
- Mycoplasma hominis infection
- Ureaplasma urealyticum infection
- Omphalitis
- Neonatal sepsis
- Group B streptococcal infection
- Neonatal conjunctivitis
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| Other |
- Perinatal mortality
- Stillbirth
- Infant mortality
- Neonatal withdrawal
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External links
- Differentiating Cephalhematoma from Caput Succedaneum
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 手術的経膣分娩 operative vaginal delivery
English Journal
- Birth-related retinal hemorrhages in healthy full-term newborns and their relationship to maternal, obstetric, and neonatal risk factors.
- Zhao Q1, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Li Z, Lin Y, Liu R, Wei C, Ding X.
- Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2015 Jul;253(7):1021-5. doi: 10.1007/s00417-015-3052-9. Epub 2015 May 17.
- PURPOSE: The purpose was to explore underlying maternal, obstetric, and neonatal risk factors of retinal hemorrhages (RH) in healthy full-term newborns.METHODS: A total of 1199 full-term infants, with gestational age more than 37 weeks and Apgar score of 7 or above, were included in this study. Infa
- PMID 25981120
- Intracranial extradural hematoma: Spontaneous rapid decompression - not resolution.
- Bhat AR1, Raswan US1, Kirmani AR1.
- Journal of pediatric neurosciences.J Pediatr Neurosci.2015 Jul-Sep;10(3):266-9. doi: 10.4103/1817-1745.165698.
- The surgical option to evacuate an intracranial extradural hematoma (EDH) was postponed in a 2-year-old female child who appeared fully alert and active after a brief spell of unconsciousness following a fall from height. The child was received, with a swelling on and around the right parietal emine
- PMID 26557173
- A Prospective Study on Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia--in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal.
- Malla T1, Singh S1, Poudyal P2, Sathian B3, Bk G1, Malla KK1.
- Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ).Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ).2015 Apr-Jun;13(50):102-8.
- BACKGROUND: An exchange transfusion involves replacing patient's blood with donor blood in order to remove abnormal blood components and circulating toxins while maintaining adequate circulating blood volume.OBJECTIVE: To observe the incidence, causes of jaundice requiring Exchange and any adverse e
- PMID 26643826
Japanese Journal
- A case of adrenal and cephalhematoma abscesses caused by Escherichia coli after forceps delivery
- NISHI JUNICHIRO,KAJI TATSURU,TOKUDA KOICHI,SHINKODA YUICHI,OKAWA TOSHIYA,NOGUCHI HIROYUKI,TAKAMATSU HIDEO,YOSHINAGA MASAO
- Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 47(4), 480-482, 2005-08-01
- NAID 10019346884
- Bilateral Cephalhematomas in a Juvenile
- , ,
- Neurologia medico-chirurgica 42(12), 547-549, 2002-12-15
- … The relationship of the hematoma and the temporal muscle may be the key MR imaging finding for the diagnosis of cephalhematoma. …
- NAID 110002277038
Related Links
- cephalhematoma [sef″al-he″mah-to´mah] a localized effusion of blood beneath the periosteum of the skull of a newborn, due to disruption of the vessels during birth. Cephalhematoma, in contrast to caput succedaneum, does not cross ...
- cephalhematoma ceph·al·he·ma·to·ma (sěf'əl-hē'mə-tō'mə) or ceph·a·lo·he·ma·to·ma (sěf'ə-lō-) n. A blood cyst, tumor, or swelling of the scalp in a newborn due to an effusion of blood beneath the pericranium, often resulting from birth ...
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