WordNet

the act of copying or making a duplicate (or duplicates) of something; "this kind of duplication is wasteful" (同)gemination
small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus; contains the centrioles and serves to organize the microtubules (同)central_body

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1. 子宮頸部の先天性奇形および子宮頸部良性病変 congenital cervical anomalies and benign cervical lesions
2. 先天性腎尿路異常（CAKUT）の概要 overview of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract cakut
3. 食道の良性病変 benign lesions of the esophagus
4. 小児における膵疾患のERCP ercp for pancreatic disease in children
5. 上部消化管の上皮下病変評価のための超音波内視鏡検査 endoscopic ultrasound for the characterization of subepithelial lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract

Cullin 4A and 4B ubiquitin ligases interact with γ-tubulin and induce its polyubiquitination.

Thirunavukarasou A1, Govindarajalu G, Singh P, Bandi V, Muthu K, Baluchamy S.
Molecular and cellular biochemistry.Mol Cell Biochem.2015 Mar;401(1-2):219-28. doi: 10.1007/s11010-014-2309-7. Epub 2014 Dec 27.
Regulated polyubiquitination is a key step for controlling protein degradation and maintaining proper balance between the proliferation of normal and uncontrolled cells. Addition of ubiquitin to the proteins by E3 ubiquitin ligases targets them for degradation by the 26S proteosome machinery. Discre
PMID 25542213

Duan L1, Wang TQ1, Bian W2, Liu W2, Sun Y3, Yang BS4.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Feb 25;137:1086-91. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.050. Epub 2014 Sep 3.
Monastrol, a cell-permeable inhibitor, considered to specifically inhibit kinesin Eg5, can cause mitotic arrest and monopolar spindle formation, thus exhibiting antitumor properties. Centrin, a ubiquitous protein associated with centrosome, plays a critical role in centrosome duplication. Moreover,
PMID 25300040

Fu J1, Hagan IM2, Glover DM1.
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol.2015 Feb 2;7(2). pii: a015800. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015800.
The centrosome was discovered in the late 19th century when mitosis was first described. Long recognized as a key organelle of the spindle pole, its core component, the centriole, was realized more than 50 or so years later also to comprise the basal body of the cilium. Here, we chart the more recen
PMID 25646378

Shimada Mikio,Komatsu Kenshi
Journal of radiation research 50(4), 295-301, 2009-07-16
… The centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar matrix (PCM). … After cytokinesis, daughter cells each acquire one centrosome, which subsequently duplicates at the G1/S phase in a manner that is dependent upon CDK2/cyclin-E activity. … Defects in the regulation of centrosome duplication lead to tumorigenesis through abnormal cell division and resulting inappropriate chromosome segregation. …
NAID 10025912073

The cancer prone PCS syndrome : relationship between chromosome dynamics aberration and centrosome amplification(Minireviews with the main theme: "Past, Current and Perspective Studies of the Genome, Chromosomes, and Chromatin")

Izumi Hideki,Matsuura Shinya
Chromosome science 11(1&2), 25-28, 2008
… Another one is a centrosome because centrosomes define spindle poles and its abnormality leads to chromosome segregation errors and chromosome instability. … Here we show that the cells from PCS syndrome patients have dysregulated centrosome duplication machinery, resulting in centrosome amplification and multipolar mitosis. …
NAID 110007339278