同: 正中中心核, CM

WordNet

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
(astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
the positively charged dense center of an atom

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中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/22 01:50:33」(JST)

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In the anatomy of the brain, the centromedian nucleus, also known as the centrum medianum, (CM or Cm-Pf) is a part of the intralaminar nucleus (ILN) of the thalamus. There are two centromedian nuclei arranged bilaterally.

In humans, it contains about 2000 neurons per cubic millimetre and has a volume of about 310 cubic millimetres with 664,000 neurons in total.^[1]

Input and output

It sends nerve fibres to the subthalamic nucleus and putamen.^[2] It receives nerve fibres from the cerebral cortex, vestibular nuclei, globus pallidus, superior colliculus, reticular formation, and spinothalamic tract.

Function

Its physiological role involves attention and arousal, including control of the level of cortical activity. Some frequencies of extracellular electrical stimulation of the centromedian nucleus can cause absence seizures (temporary loss of consciousness) although electrical stimulation can be of therapeutic use in intractable epilepsy and Tourette's syndrome. General anaesthetics specifically suppress activity in the ILN, including the centromedian nucleus. Complete bilateral lesions of the centromedian nucleus can lead to states normally associated with brain death such as coma, death, persistent vegetative state, forms of mutism and severe delirium. Unilateral lesions can lead to unilateral thalamic neglect.

Additional images

Thalamus
Thalamus

Notes and references

^ Henderson J, Carpenter K, Cartwright H, Halliday G (2000). "Loss of thalamic intralaminar nuclei in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease: clinical and therapeutic implications". Brain. 123 ( Pt 7) (7): 1410–1421. doi:10.1093/brain/123.7.1410. PMID 10869053.
^ Powell, T. P. S.; Cowan W. M. (1967). "The interpretation of the degenerative changes in the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 30 (2): 140–153. doi:10.1136/jnnp.30.2.140. PMC 496153. PMID 4962197.

External links

Illustration and text: coro97/contents.htm at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical school - The Global Thalamus (See level 12, the centromedian nucleus is labelled CM)

Schiff N, Plum F (2000). "The role of arousal and "gating" systems in the neurology of impaired consciousness". Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 17 (5): 438–52. doi:10.1097/00004691-200009000-00002. PMID 11085547.
Joe Bogen's Consciousness Page (Professor Bogen) at California Institute of Technology
NIF Search - Centromedian Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 薬剤抵抗性てんかんの評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of drug resistant epilepsy
2. 換気調節 control of ventilation
3. パーキンソン病の外科治療 surgical treatment of parkinson disease
4. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
5. 小児における第3脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in children

English Journal

Limbic circuitry of the midline thalamus.

Vertes RP1, Linley SB2, Hoover WB3.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews.Neurosci Biobehav Rev.2015 Jul;54:89-107. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.014. Epub 2015 Jan 20.
The thalamus was subdivided into three major groups: sensorimotor nuclei (or principal/relay nuclei), limbic nuclei and nuclei bridging these two domains. Limbic nuclei of thalamus (or 'limbic thalamus') consist of the anterior nuclei, midline nuclei, medial division of the mediodorsal nucleus (MDm)
PMID 25616182

The neurobiology of thalamic amnesia: Contributions of medial thalamus and prefrontal cortex to delayed conditional discrimination.

Mair RG1, Miller RL2, Wormwood BA2, Francoeur MJ2, Onos KD2, Gibson BM2.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews.Neurosci Biobehav Rev.2015 Jul;54:161-174. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.011. Epub 2015 Jan 20.
Although medial thalamus is well established as a site of pathology associated with global amnesia, there is uncertainty about which structures are critical and how they affect memory function. Evidence from human and animal research suggests that damage to the mammillothalamic tract and the anterio
PMID 25616180

The nonspecific thalamus: A place in a wedding bed for making memories last?

Pereira de Vasconcelos A1, Cassel JC2.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews.Neurosci Biobehav Rev.2015 Jul;54:175-196. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.021. Epub 2014 Nov 1.
We summarize anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioral evidence that the rostral intralaminar (ILN) and the reuniens and rhomboid (ReRh) nuclei that belong to the nonspecific thalamus, might be part of a hippocampo-cortico-thalamic network underlying consolidation of enduring declarative(-like
PMID 25451763

Japanese Journal

Neuromodulation of the Centromedian Thalamic Nuclei in the Treatment of Generalized Seizures and the Improvement of the Quality of Life in Patients with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

VELASCO Ana Luisa,VELASCO Francisco,JIMENEZ Fiacro,VELASCO Marcos,CASTRO Guillermo,CARRILLO-RUIZ Jose D.,FANGHANEL Guillermo,BOLEAGA Bernardo
Epilepsia : journal of the International League against Epilepsy 47(7), 1203-1212, 2006-07-01
NAID 10019308597

Centromedian nucleus stimulation for epilepsy : clinical, electroencephalographic, and behavioural observations

VELASCO F
Thalamus Rel Syst 1, 387-398, 2002
NAID 30018823020

Predictors in the treatment of difficult-to-control seizures by electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus

VELASCO F
Neurosurgery 47, 295-304, 2000
NAID 30012791372

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「intralaminar thalamic nuclei」「central medial nucleus」「paracentral nucleus」「central lateral nucleus」「centromedian thalamic nucleus」

「intralaminar thalamic nuclei」

Centromedian nucleus
Details
Latin	nucleus centromedianus thalami
Identifiers
NeuroNames	hier-306
NeuroLex ID	Centromedian nucleus
Dorlands; /Elsevier	n_11/12580665
TA	A14.1.08.618
FMA	62165
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

　　[★]

視床髄板内核、髄板内核

関: central lateral nucleus、central lateral thalamic nucleus、central medial nucleus、centromedian nucleus、centromedian thalamic nucleus、intralaminar nuclear group、intralaminar nuclei、intralaminar nucleus、intralaminar thalamic nucleus、paracentral nucleus、paracentral thalamic nucleus、parafascicular nucleus、rostral intralaminar nuclei

「central medial nucleus」

　　[★]

内側中心核

関: central lateral nucleus、central lateral thalamic nucleus、centromedian nucleus、centromedian thalamic nucleus、intralaminar nuclear group、intralaminar thalamic nuclei、paracentral nucleus、paracentral thalamic nucleus、parafascicular nucleus、rostral intralaminar nuclei

「paracentral nucleus」

　　[★]

中心傍核

関: central lateral nucleus、central lateral thalamic nucleus、central medial nucleus、centromedian nucleus、centromedian thalamic nucleus、intralaminar nuclear group、intralaminar thalamic nuclei、paracentral thalamic nucleus、parafascicular nucleus、rostral intralaminar nuclei

「central lateral nucleus」

　　[★]

外側中心核

関: central lateral thalamic nucleus、central medial nucleus、centromedian nucleus、centromedian thalamic nucleus、intralaminar nuclear group、intralaminar thalamic nuclei、paracentral nucleus、paracentral thalamic nucleus、parafascicular nucleus、rostral intralaminar nuclei

「centromedian thalamic nucleus」

　　[★]

視床正中中心核

関: central lateral nucleus、central lateral thalamic nucleus、central medial nucleus、centromedian nucleus、intralaminar nuclear group、intralaminar thalamic nuclei、paracentral nucleus、paracentral thalamic nucleus、parafascicular nucleus、rostral intralaminar nuclei

[1] Henderson J, Carpenter K, Cartwright H, Halliday G (2000). "Loss of thalamic intralaminar nuclei in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease: clinical and therapeutic implications". Brain. 123 ( Pt 7) (7): 1410–1421. doi:10.1093/brain/123.7.1410. PMID 10869053.

[2] Powell, T. P. S.; Cowan W. M. (1967). "The interpretation of the degenerative changes in the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 30 (2): 140–153. doi:10.1136/jnnp.30.2.140. PMC 496153. PMID 4962197.

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案内

centromedian nucleus