WordNet

in or near a center or constituting a center; the inner area; "a central position"
a workplace that serves as a telecommunications facility where lines from telephones can be connected together to permit communication (同)telephone exchange, exchange
a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic
a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body (同)arteria, arterial blood vessel
in or relating to the retina of the eye; "retinal cells"
the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve

PrepTutorEJDIC

『中心の』,中央の,中心からの / 『主要な』,中心的な(main) / (音声が)中舌音の / 電話交換局(《英》[telephone]exchange)
動脈 / (道路・水路・鉄道などの)勘線,(通信の)主チャンネル
(目の)網膜

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/07/30 17:31:56」(JST)

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The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball.

Structure

It pierces the eyeball close to the optic nerve, sending branches over the internal surface of the retina, and these terminal branches are the only blood supply to the larger part of it.

The central part of the retina where the light rays are focussed after passing through the pupil and the lens is a circular area called the macula. The center of this circular area is the fovea. The fovea and a small area surrounding it are not supplied by the central retinal artery or its branches, but instead by the choroid.

The central retinal artery is approximately 160 micrometres in diameter.^[1]^[2]

Variation

In some cases - approximately 20% of the population - there is a branch of the ciliary circulation called the cilio-retinal artery which supplies the retina between the macula and the optic nerve, including the nerve fibers from the foveal photoreceptors. If this artery is present, the central vision will be preserved even in case of CRAO.

Development

The central retinal artery is formed from the proximal part of the hyaloid artery after atrophy of its distal part has formed the hyaloid canal.^[3]

Function

The central retinal artery supplies all the nerve fibers that form the optic nerve, which carries the visual information to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, including those that reach over the fovea.

Clinical significance

Thus if the central retinal artery gets occluded, there is complete loss of vision in that eye even though the fovea is not affected. The entire retina (with the exception of the fovea) becomes pale and swollen and opaque while the central fovea still appears reddish (this is because the choroid color shows through). This is the basis of the famous "Cherry red spot" seen on examination of the retina on funduscopy of a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

However it should be remembered that the Cilio retinal artery itself is a branch of the Short Posterior Ciliary Arteries which is derived from the Ophthalmic Artery. Therefore, its possible for the cilio retinal artery itself to occlude causing significant visual loss in the perfused macula region (surrounding visual field will remain intact).

Other animals

In dogs, it is the continuation of the long ciliary artery.^{[citation needed]}

Additional images

Horizontal section of the eyeball.
The terminal portion of the optic nerve and its entrance into the eyeball, in horizontal section.
Eye vessels

References

^ Lee, K. E.; Klein, B. E. K.; Klein, R.; Meuer, S. M. (2007). "Association of Retinal Vessel Caliber to Optic Disc and Cup Diameters". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 48 (1): 63–7. doi:10.1167/iovs.05-1203. PMID 17197517.
^ Dorner, G. T.; Polska, E; Garhöfer, G; Zawinka, C; Frank, B; Schmetterer, L (2002). "Calculation of the diameter of the central retinal artery from noninvasive measurements in humans". Current eye research. 25 (6): 341–5. PMID 12789540.
^ Larsen's human embryology 2009, p. 610

External links

Diagram at suncoastretina.com^{[permanent dead link]}
emerg/777 at eMedicine ("Retinal artery occlusion")

UpToDate Contents

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1. 網膜中心動脈閉塞症および網膜動脈分枝閉塞症central and branch retinal artery occlusion [show details]
…toxoplasmosis . CRAO may complicate ocular surgery as well as ocular or retrobulbar injections of steroids or other drugs, presumably by direct injury to the central retinal artery . CRAO may also occur …
2. 急性持続性視力喪失が認められた成人に対するアプローチapproach to the adult with acute persistent visual loss [show details]
…etiologies for uveitis are discussed elsewhere. Thrombosis, embolism, or arteritis of the central retinal artery results in retinal ganglion cell damage, leading to severe, sudden, painless, central or …
3. 非眼科手術のための麻酔後の視力低下postoperative visual loss after anesthesia for nonocular surgery [show details]
…occlude central retinal artery flow. Permanent damage to the retina and optic nerve may occur with nitrous oxide administration for more than one to two hours. In a series of five patients with CRAO after …
4. 一過性黒内障（一過性単眼または両眼視力低下）amaurosis fugax transient monocular or binocular visual loss [show details]
…whitening often reflects ischemia of the inner retina, and may be seen after a branch or central retinal artery occlusion Mid-peripheral hemorrhages, tortuous veins, and neovascularization reflect reduced …
5. 巨細胞動脈炎の臨床症状clinical manifestations of giant cell arteritis [show details]
…disease . Central retinal artery occlusion – CRAO is a less common cause of visual loss in GCA. Atherosclerosis, especially involving the carotid arteries, accounts for the bulk of cases of CRAO. BRAOs, …

English Journal

Dependence of diameters and oxygen saturation of retinal vessels on visual field damage and age in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Ramm L1, Jentsch S1, Peters S1, Sauer L1, Augsten R1, Hammer M1.
Acta ophthalmologica.Acta Ophthalmol.2016 May;94(3):276-81. doi: 10.1111/aos.12727. Epub 2015 Apr 15.
PURPOSE: To investigate the interrelationship between the oxygen supply of the retina and its regulation with the severity of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).METHODS: Central retinal artery (CRAE) and vein (CRVE) diameters and oxygen saturation of peripapillary retinal vessels in 41 patients suff
PMID 25876673

Summarising the retinal vascular calibres in healthy, diabetic and diabetic retinopathy eyes.

Leontidis G1, Al-Diri B2, Hunter A2.
Computers in biology and medicine.Comput Biol Med.2016 May 1;72:65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.03.006. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
Retinal vessel calibre has been found to be an important biomarker of several retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). Quantifying the retinal vessel calibres is an important step for estimating the central retinal artery and vein equivalents. In this study, an alternative method to th
PMID 27017067

Static characteristics and dynamic functionality of retinal vessels in longer eyes with or without pathologic myopia.

La Spina C1, Corvi F1, Bandello F1, Querques G2,3.
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2016 May;254(5):827-34. doi: 10.1007/s00417-015-3122-z. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
PURPOSE: To analyze major retinal vessels in eyes with high myopia by means of the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer (DVA) in order to gather insight on retinal vascular functionality and better understand why these eyes are resistant to diabetes-related changes.METHODS: A total of 20 high-myopia eyes with pa
PMID 26245340

Japanese Journal

両眼の網膜中心動脈閉塞症を契機に発見された肺小細胞癌の1例 (特集第68回日本臨床眼科学会講演集(1))

馬場高志,蝶野郁世,山﨑厚志 [他]
臨床眼科 69(3), 355-360, 2015-03
NAID 40020395751

網膜中心動脈閉塞症から血管新生緑内障をきたした1例

河本良輔,石崎英介,福本雅格 [他]
あたらしい眼科 31(11), 1701-1705, 2014-11
NAID 40020282108

Association of retinal vessel attenuation with visual function in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa.

Nakagawa Satoko,Oishi Akio,Ogino Ken,Makiyama Yukiko,Kurimoto Masafumi,Yoshimura Nagahisa
Clinical ophthalmology 8, 1487-1493, 2014-08-12
… [Purpose]: To investigate the association between visual changes and retinal vessel attenuation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). … Using the computer-based Interactive Vessel Analysis program, central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) were determined. …
NAID 120005477693

Related Pictures

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion - Net Health Book Fundoscopic Appearances of Retinal Pathologies | Geeky Medics Central retinal artery occlusion in a 30-year-old woman taking tranexamic acid | BMJ PPT - Vision Loss PowerPoint Presentation - ID:372182 Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Central Retinal Artery Moran CORE | Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「網膜中心動脈」「retinal artery」
拡張検索	「central retinal artery occlusion」
関連記事	「central」「retinal」「retinal artery」

「網膜中心動脈」

Central retinal artery
	The ophthalmic artery and its branches. (Central retinal artery visible at center.)
	Interior of posterior half of bulb of left eye. The veins are darker in appearance than the arteries. (Central retinal artery visible but not labeled.)
Details
Source	ophthalmic artery
Vein	central retinal vein
Supplies	retina
Identifiers
Latin	arteria centralis retinae
MeSH	D012161
TA	A12.2.06.024
FMA	49879
	Anatomical terminology; [edit on Wikidata]