WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
(of living things) capable of normal growth and development
capable of being done in a practical and useful way

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
生活力,生育力

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1. 成人における赤血球輸血：保管、専門的調整、および輸血パラメータ red blood cell transfusion in adults storage specialized modifications and infusion parameters
2. 成人における赤血球輸血の適応とヘモグロビン閾値 indications and hemoglobin thresholds for red blood cell transfusion in the adult

English Journal

Co-assessment of cell cycle and micronucleus frequencies demonstrates the influence of serum on the in vitro genotoxic response to amorphous monodisperse silica nanoparticles of varying sizes.

Gonzalez L1, Lukamowicz-Rajska M, Thomassen LC, Kirschhock CE, Leyns L, Lison D, Martens JA, Elhajouji A, Kirsch-Volders M.Author information 1Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium.AbstractSerum proteins have been shown to modulate the cytotoxic and genotoxic responses to nanomaterials. The aim was to investigate the influence of serum on the induction of micronuclei (MN) by nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes. Therefore, A549 human lung carcinoma cells and amorphous monodisperse silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were used as models. Assessment of the cell viability, cell cycle changes and induction of MN by SNPs ranging from 12 to 174 nm was performed in presence or absence of serum, applying the in vitro flow cytometry-based MN assay. Here, it has been demonstrated that serum has an influence on these end points, with a lower cell viability in absence of serum compared with the presence of serum. Further, cell cycle changes, specifically, G1 and S-phase arrest, were observed in absence of serum for four out of six SNPs tested. A size-dependent MN induction was observed: larger SNPs being more active in absence of serum. In addition, the serum influence was characterised by a size-dependency for cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, with a higher influence of serum for smaller particles. The data indicate that the in vitro micronucleus assay in presence and absence of serum could be advised for hazard assessment because it demonstrates a higher sensitivity in serum-free conditions than in conditions with serum. However, this recommendation applies only if the cell line used is able to proliferate under serum-free conditions because cell division is a prerequisite for MN expression.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Dec;8(8):876-84. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.842266.
Serum proteins have been shown to modulate the cytotoxic and genotoxic responses to nanomaterials. The aim was to investigate the influence of serum on the induction of micronuclei (MN) by nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes. Therefore, A549 human lung carcinoma cells and amorphous monodisperse s
PMID 24040841

Nontoxic impact of PEG-coated gold nanospheres on functional pulmonary surfactant-secreting alveolar type II cells.

Bouzas V1, Haller T, Hobi N, Felder E, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Gil J.Author information 1Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense , Madrid , Spain.AbstractThe outstanding properties of gold nanoparticles (NPs) make them very attractive for biomedical applications. In particular, the inhalation route has gained considerable interest as an innovative strategy for diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. It is, therefore, important to scrutinise the potentially deleterious or side effects of NPs on lung epithelium. The present study investigates, for the first time, the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated NPs on freshly purified primary cultures of rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells. These cells play a central role in the respiratory function of the lungs. They are responsible for synthesizing and secreting pulmonary surfactant (PS), which is required to stabilise the respiratory surface during breathing dynamics. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of NPs was evaluated by analysing morphology, viability and exocytotic activity of ATII cells (PS secretion). The impact of ATII cells' exposure to NPs was studied in a wide range of gold concentration with particles sizes of 15 and 100 nm. The results show that PEG-coated NPs are very modestly internalised by ATII cells and it neither leads to detectable morphological changes nor to decreased cell viability nor to alterations in basic functional parameters such as PS secretion, even on exposure to high gold concentration (~0.2 mM) during relatively long periods of time (24-48 h).
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Dec;8(8):813-23. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.829878. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
The outstanding properties of gold nanoparticles (NPs) make them very attractive for biomedical applications. In particular, the inhalation route has gained considerable interest as an innovative strategy for diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. It is, therefore, important to scrutinise th
PMID 23914786

Uptake and toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in cultured primary brain astrocytes.

Bulcke F1, Thiel K, Dringen R.Author information 1Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany.AbstractTo test for consequences of an exposure of brain cells to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), we synthesised and characterised dimercaptosuccinate-coated CuO-NPs. These particles had a diameter of around 5 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy, while their average hydrodynamic diameter in aqueous dispersion was 136 ± 4 nm. Dispersion in cell-culture medium containing 10% fetal calf serum increased the hydrodynamic diameter to 178 ± 12 nm and shifted the zeta potential of the particles from -49 ± 7 mV (in water) to -10 ± 3 mV. Exposure of cultured primary brain astrocytes to CuO-NPs increased the cellular copper levels and compromised the cell viability in a time-, concentration- and temperature-dependent manner. Application of CuO-NPs in concentrations above 100 µM copper (6.4 µg/ml) severely compromised the viability of the cells, as demonstrated by a lowered 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction capacity, a lowered cellular lactate dehydrogenase activity and an increased membrane permeability for the fluorescent dye propidium iodide. Copper internalisation as well as cell toxicity of astrocytes exposed to CuO-NPs were similar to that observed for cells that had been incubated with copper salts. The CuO-NP-induced toxicity was accompanied by an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. Both, ROS formation and cell toxicity in CuO-NP-treated astrocytes, were lowered in the presence of the cell-permeable copper chelator tetrathiomolybdate. These data demonstrate that CuO-NPs are taken up by cultured astrocytes and suggest that excess of internalised CuO-NPs cause cell toxicity by accelerating the formation of ROS.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Nov;8(7):775-85. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.829591. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
To test for consequences of an exposure of brain cells to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), we synthesised and characterised dimercaptosuccinate-coated CuO-NPs. These particles had a diameter of around 5 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy, while their average hydrodynamic diame
PMID 23889294

Japanese Journal

Evaluation of laser irradiance on photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium-induced glioblastoma T98G cell death

Miki Yuichi,Akimoto Jiro,Sato Aya,Fujiwara Yasuyuki
Fundamental Toxicological Sciences 2(3), 111-116, 2015
… In photodynamic therapy (PDT) for glioma patients, apoptosis not necrosis is the desirable mode of cell death, as necrotic cell death induces late appearance of obstacles following PDT. … We previously demonstrated that increase in both treatment dose of photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (NPe6) and laser fluence (laser energy density) changes the dominant cell death process from apoptosis to necrosis in glioblastoma T98G cells. …
NAID 130005084642

Survival of Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses on Inanimate Surfaces

Firquet Swan,Beaujard Sophie,Lobert Pierre-Emmanuel,Sané Famara,Caloone Delphine,Izard Daniel,Hober Didier
Microbes and Environments 30(2), 140-144, 2015
… In the present study, we evaluated the viability of non-enveloped viruses, minute virus of mice (MVM) and coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4), and enveloped-viruses, influenza A virus (H1N1) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), on surfaces. … The recovered viral preparations were titered on appropriate cell lines. …
NAID 130005077993

2,5-hexanedione induced apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells from rat bone marrow via mitochondria-dependent caspase-3 pathway

CHEN Ruolin,LIU Shuang,PIAO Fengyuan,WANG Zhemin,QI Yuan,LI Shuangyue,ZHANG Dongmei,SHEN Jingshun
Industrial Health 53(3), 222-235, 2015
… Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential stem cells with the ability to differentiate into various cell types. … The viability of BMSCs was observed by MTT. …
NAID 130005075741