WordNet

on the surface; "surface materials of the moon"
the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; "there is a special cleaner for these surfaces"; "the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface"
the outermost level of the land or sea; "earthquakes originate far below the surface"; "three quarters of the Earths surface is covered by water" (同)Earth''s surface
a superficial aspect as opposed to the real nature of something; "it was not what it appeared to be on the surface"
the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; "they skimmed over the surface of the water"; "a brush small enough to clean every dental surface"; "the sun has no distinct surface"
come to the surface (同)come_up, rise up, rise
small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies)
emerging to the surface and becoming apparent

PrepTutorEJDIC

(物の)表面,外面;水面 / 《比喩的に》『うわべ』,見かけ / 『表面(水面)の,』表面(水面)に関する / 《比喩的に》『うわべだけの,』見かけだけの / 陸(水)上輸送の / (沈んでいたものが)表面に浮上する;《話》《おどけて》(寝ていた人が)起きる / (…で)…‘に'表面をつける,〈道路〉‘を'舗装する《+名+with+名》
(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
抗原(生物の体内にはいって免疫体を作る物質)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 抗原提示細胞antigen presenting cells [show details]
… adhesion molecules that extend a considerable distance from the cell surface, such as the T cell integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and its ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) …
2. 赤血球表面抗原および細胞骨格蛋白質の異常によるマラリアに対する防御protection against malaria by abnormalities in red cell surface antigens and cytoskeletal proteins [show details]
… zipper-type introjection of the merozoite into the red cell . It is therefore not surprising that mutations involving the red cell membrane (eg, surface antigens and cytoskeletal proteins) could interfere with such …
3. モノクローナル抗体医薬品の概要overview of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies [show details]
…directed against a cell surface antigen may involve blocking the function of a cell surface receptor or killing of the target cell. In some cases the target antigen may be a cell surface receptor, and mAb …
4. 肥満細胞：表面受容体とシグナル伝達mast cells surface receptors and signal transduction [show details]
… Fc-epsilon-RI receptors by multivalent antigen on the surface of a mast cell are described here as an example: Crosslinking of the Fc-epsilon-RI receptor by polymeric/polyvalent antigens bound to specific immunoglobulin …
5. 関節リウマチのためのT細胞標的療法t cell targeted therapies for rheumatoid arthritis [show details]
…lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 – Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is an inhibitory receptor on the T cell surface that binds with either CD80 or CD86 on antigen-presenting cells. CD80 and CD86 …

English Journal

Rapid formation of cell-particle complexes via dielectrophoretic manipulation for the detection of surface antigens.

Horii T1, Yamamoto M1, Yasukawa T2, Mizutani F3.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Nov 15;61:215-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.05.019. Epub 2014 May 21.
A rapid and simple method for the fabrication of the island patterns with particles and cells was applied to detect the presence of specific antigens on the cell surface. An upper interdigitated microband array (IDA) electrode was mounted on a lower substrate with the same design to fabricate a micr
PMID 24892783

Effect and mechanisms of curdlan sulfate on inhibiting HBV infection and acting as an HB vaccine adjuvant.

Li P1, Tan H2, Xu D3, Yin F1, Cheng Y3, Zhang X3, Liu Y4, Wang F5.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2014 Sep 22;110:446-55. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.025. Epub 2014 Apr 20.
In this study, the effect and mechanisms of curdlan sulfate (CS3) on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and promoting immune response of the mice immunized with recombinant hepatitis B surface protein (HBsAg) were investigated. The results showed that CS3 could inhibit HBV infection of HepG2 and Hepa
PMID 24906778