WordNet
- a cartridge (usually with paper casing) (同)cartouch
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/01/16 07:08:31」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
For other uses, see Cartouche (disambiguation).
Ancient Egyptian cartouche of Thutmose III, Karnak, Egypt.
In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a cartouche (English pronunciation: //)[1] is an oval with a horizontal line at one end, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name,[1] coming into use during the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty under Pharaoh Sneferu. While the cartouche is usually vertical with a horizontal line, it is sometimes horizontal if it makes the name fit better, with a vertical line on the left.[2] The Ancient Egyptian word for it was shenu, and it was essentially an expanded shen ring. In Demotic, the cartouche was reduced to a pair of brackets and a vertical line.
Of the five royal titularies it was the prenomen, the throne name, also referred to as the, and the "Son of Ra" titulary,[3] the so-called nomen, the name given at birth, which were enclosed by a cartouche.[4]
At times amulets were given the form of a cartouche displaying the name of a king and placed in tombs. Such items are often important to archaeologists for dating the tomb and its contents.[5] Cartouches were formerly only worn by Pharaohs. The oval surrounding their name was meant to protect them from evil spirits in life and after death. The cartouche has become a symbol representing good luck and protection from evil .[6] Egyptians believed that one who had their name recorded somewhere would not disappear after death. A cartouche attached to a coffin satisfied this requirement.[7] There were periods in Egyptian history when people refrained from inscribing these amulets with a name, for fear they might fall into somebody's hands conferring power over the bearer of the name.[8]
Contents
- 1 Etymology
- 2 Hieroglyph use of cartouche and half-cartouche
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Etymology[edit]
The term cartouche was first applied by soldiers who fancied that the symbol they saw so frequently repeated on the pharaonic ruins they encountered resembled a muzzle-loading firearm's paper powder cartridge (cartouche in French).[9]
Hieroglyph use of cartouche and half-cartouche[edit]
In the Rosetta Stone, the cartouche hieroglyph is used for the word "name", Egyptian rn.[10] For the cartouche cut in half, the "half-cartouche hieroglyph", Gardiner's sign listed no. V11, (the cartouche hieroglyph is V10), is used in the Egyptian language for words meaning: "to cut, to divide, to separate".
See also[edit]
- Cartouche (hieroglyph)
- Serekh, a predecessor to the cartouche
- Shen ring
References[edit]
- General
- Budge. The Rosetta Stone, E. A. Wallace Budge, (Dover Publications), c. 1929, Dover edition(unabridged), 1989. (softcover, ISBN 0-486-26163-8)
- Specific
- ^ a b The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) ISBN 0-19-861263-X - p.281 "cartouche /kɑː'tuːʃ/ noun a carved tablet or drawing...Arcaeology an oval or oblong enclosing a group of Egyptian hieroglyphs, typically representing the name and title of a monarch.".
- ^ "Ancient Egyptian Cartouche Lesson". Artyfactory.org. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
- ^ Ancient-egypt.org
- ^ Allen, James Peter, Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, Cambridge University Press 2000, p.65
- ^ cf. Thomas Eric Peet, William Leonard Stevenson Loat, The Cemeteries of Abydos. Part 3. 1912-1913, Adamant Media Corporation, ISBN 1-4021-5715-0, p.23
- ^ "2. Ancient Egyptian Cartouche". Dcsd.org. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
- ^ "Cartouche - Ancient Egypt for Kids". Egypt.mrdonn.org. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
- ^ Alfred Wiedemann, Religion of the Ancient Egyptians, Adamant Media Corporation 2001, ISBN 1-4021-9366-1, pp.293-295
- ^ White, Jon Manchip, Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt, Courier Dover 2002, p.175
- ^ Budge, 1929, 1989. The Rosetta Stone, p. 124-169.
External links[edit]
- "Cartouches" (PDF, 8.87 MB) (in Arabic). Egypt State Information Service. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
English Journal
- A deceptive case of gunshot entry wounds -- beware of frangible bullets.
- Martrille L1, Artuso A, Cattaneo C, Baccino E.
- Journal of forensic and legal medicine.J Forensic Leg Med.2007 Apr;14(3):161-4. Epub 2006 Oct 31.
- In December 2003, two young men decided to go shooting in the countryside near Montpellier, France. One accidentally shot the other. Upon crime scene examination and autopsy of the victim experts observed, at the right thorax, two round wounds, distanced 5mm from each other, presenting typical chara
- PMID 17079183
- [Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) in suspended particles in the atmosphere. 1. Fractionation and analytic detection].
- Schleibinger H1, Leberl C, Rüden H.
- Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Serie B, Umwelthygiene, Krankenhaushygiene, Arbeitshygiene, präventive Medizin.Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B.1988 Nov;187(1):44-55.
- A procedure to determine nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from suspended particulate matter was developed. Depending on the organic amount needed, different prefractionation steps are described, starting from thin layer chromatography and solid phase extraction by a cartouche system for sma
- PMID 3146175
- [A simple method of hemodialysis with an absorbent-cartridge dialysis system: long-term clinical experience].
- Branger B, Ramperez P, Mion H, Mion C.
- Journal d'urologie et de néphrologie.J Urol Nephrol (Paris).1979 Dec;85(12):868-74.
- PMID 554873
Japanese Journal
- 蔵持 不三也,Kuramochi Fumiya
- 人間科学研究 18(1), 37-49, 2005-03-25
- … For the big band of robbers baptized "Cartousians" (Cartouche partisans) we discussed in the previous number of our journal, such insanity became a suitable target. …
- NAID 110004622411
- アンチ・ヒーローの創出もしくは民衆的想像力 : パリ高等法院裁判記録から
- 蔵持 不三也,Kuramochi Fumiya
- 早稲田大学人間科学研究 17(1), 67-79, 2004-04-01
- … In the end of November 1721, a great thief named Cartouche was sent off the scaffold of wheel at the Place of Greve in Paris. … Very interestingly, even before the execution of Cartouche, an Italian comedy titled "Cartouche and his company" was put on the stage of the Comedie-Frangaise in Paris, where Cartouche was indentified with Arlequin (Arlecchino), farcical trickster and descendant of "Familia herlechini". …
- NAID 110004631424
- 神話の解体もしくは1755年の文化闘争--『カルトゥーシュとマンドランの対話』を巡って
Related Links
- In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a cartouche is an ellipse with a horizontal line at one end, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name, coming into use during the beginning of the Fourth Dynasty under Pharaoh Sneferu, replacing the earlier ...
Related Pictures