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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/06/18 14:10:05」(JST)

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Carbaminohaemoglobin (or carbaminohaemoglobin, also known as carbhaemoglobin and carbohaemoglobin) is a compound of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide, and is one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood. Twenty-three percent of carbon dioxide is carried in blood this way (70% is converted into bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase and then carried in plasma, 7% carried as free CO₂, in solution, or plasma).^[1]

Mechanism

When carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin, carbaminohaemoglobin is formed, lowering hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen via the Bohr effect. In the absence of oxygen, unbound hemoglobin molecules have a greater chance of becoming carbaminohaemoglobin. The Haldane effect relates to the increased affinity of de-oxygenated hemoglobin for H⁺
: offloading of oxygen to the tissues thus results in increased affinity of the hemoglobin for carbon dioxide, and H⁺
, which the body wants to get rid of, which can then be transported to the lung for removal. Carbaminohaemoglobin has a distinctive blue color that may contribute to the dark red color of deoxygenated venous blood (compared to bright, saturated red of oxygenated arterial blood), blue color of veins and the purplish or bluish color of tissues in hypoxia.

Hemoglobin can bind to four molecules of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide molecules form a carbamate with the four terminal-amine groups of the four protein chains in the deoxy form of the molecule. Thus, one hemoglobin molecule can transport four carbon dioxide molecules back to the lungs, where they are released when the molecule changes back to the oxyhemoglobin form.

References

^ Gas Transport in the Blood FIG. 18.11 Carbon dioxide transport

Fogiel, M. (2004). Biology Problem Solver. Piscataway, New Jersey: Research & Education Association. p. 431. ISBN 0878915141.

External links

carbaminohaemoglobin+A at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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1. 一酸化炭素中毒carbon monoxide poisoning [show details]
…enclosed environments. CO binds to hemoglobin with much greater affinity than oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and resulting in impaired oxygen transport and utilization. CO can also precipitate an inflammatory …
2. 動脈血液ガスarterial blood gases [show details]
…measure levels of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin, others require a specific request for testing when abnormally high levels are suspected. Elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin are most commonly …
3. パルスオキシメトリpulse oximetry [show details]
…reading represents an inexact summation of oxyhemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin . Due to the interference of high levels of carboxyhemoglobin in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, or in chronic, heavy smokers …
4. 一酸化炭素拡散能diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [show details]
…hemoglobin concentration . The carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level may be elevated in the blood if the patient was smoking just prior to the DLCO measurement . An increase of 1 percent in COHb results in a proportionate …
5. 麻酔器：故障の防止・診断・管理anesthesia machines prevention diagnosis and management of malfunctions [show details]
…changes color . Although the patient exposed to high levels of carbon monoxide will have high carboxyhemoglobin levels measured by co-oximetry, the signs of carbon monoxide poisoning in an anesthetized patient …

English Journal

[Modern approaches to components of therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus operated on for malignant neoplasms of small pelvic organs].

Tumanyan SV, Shepelenko AV, Chekmezova SA.
Khirurgiia. ;(7)79-83.
The purpose of this study was assessment of the effect of cytoflavin preparation inclusion in surgical treatment of patients with malignant neoplasms of small pelvic organs and diabetes mellitus. A prospective examination of 51 patients aged 56 to 76 years suffering from diabetes mellitus and malign
PMID 29992930

The effectiveness of smoking cessation groups offered to hospitalised patients with symptoms of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Borglykke A, Pisinger C, Jørgensen T, Ibsen H.
The clinical respiratory journal. 2008 Jul;2(3)158-65.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Results from randomised trials regarding smoking cessation in hospitalised patients with COPD are few. To assess the effect of smoking cessation groups (SCG) in patie
PMID 20298324

Japanese Journal

試験内胆汁色素生成に関する研究第2編 Oxyhaemoglobin及びCarboxyhaemoglobinの1-Ascorbin酸と分子酸素による分解過程に関する分光化学的研究

垂水昭二
岡山医学会雑誌 71(10-1), 6587-6594, 1959-09-20
… In the case of carbohemoglobin besides tha already-known absorption peaks of 556 mμ and 430 mμ it shows another absoorption peak at 760 mμ, and its EmM is 1.4-2.0. …
NAID 120002690060

試験内胆汁色素生成に関する研究:第2編 Oxyhaemoglobin及びCarboxyhaemoglobinの1-Ascorbin酸と分子酸素による分解過程に関する分光化学的研究

垂水昭二
岡山医学会雑誌 71(10-1), 6587-6594, 1959
… In the case of carbohemoglobin besides tha already-known absorption peaks of 556 mμ …
NAID 130006859480

「カルバミノヘモグロビン」

　　[★]

英: carbaminohemoglobin, carbamino-Hb
同: カルバモイルヘモグロビン carbamoylhemoglobin, カルボヘモグロビン carbohemoglobin
関

血液による二酸化炭素輸送で、血中に溶解した二酸化炭素の一部がヘモグロビンのアミノ基と結合して形成する。
血液を介して運搬されるCO2の約20%がこの型である。
Hb-NHCOOH

[1] Gas Transport in the Blood FIG. 18.11 Carbon dioxide transport

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carbohemoglobin

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