関: kidney cancer、kidney carcinoma、kidney neoplasm、renal cancer、renal carcinoma、renal neoplasm

WordNet

a special situation; "this thing has got to end"; "it is a remarkable thing"
a separate and self-contained entity
an action; "how could you do such a thing?"
an artifact; "how does this thing work?"
an entity that is not named specifically; "I couldnt tell what the thing was"
any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence; "the thing I like about her is ..."
a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion; "he has a thing about seafood"; "she has a thing about him"
a special abstraction; "a thing of the spirit"; "things of the heart"
a special objective; "the thing is to stay in bounds"
a statement regarded as an object; "to say the same thing in other terms"; "how can you say such a thing?"
an event; "a funny thing happened on the way to the..."
type genus of the family Cancridae (同)genus Cancer
the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 (同)Cancer the Crab, Crab
(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer (同)Crab
a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream (同)malignant neoplastic disease

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(形のある)『物』,物体;(生物に対しての)『無生物』 / 〈C〉(形のない)『もの』,事,事柄,でき事 / 《複数形で》事情,事態,状勢,状況 / 《複数形で》(すべての)事物,事柄 / 《通例 the~》(努力・活動などの)目的,目標 / 〈C〉衣服,衣類・《one's things》持ち物,所持品,身の回り品 / 《複数形で》道具,用具・〈C〉《親愛・哀れみ・軽べつなどの感情をこめて》人,者,やつ / 《the~》《話》(…の)流行《+in+名》
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
《前述の名詞または文脈でそれと分かる名詞に付けて》『その』,あの,名の / 《唯一の事物に付けて》 / 《方角・自然現象に付けて》 / 《用具・楽器・特定の病気などに付けて》 / 《修飾吾[句]を伴う名詞に付けて》 / 《単数普通名詞に付けて》(1)《種族全体》…『というもの』 / 《複数名詞または集合名詞に付けて》 / 《単位》『…につき;…単位[で]』 / 《身体の一部に付けて,所有格に代わる》 / 《形容詞に付けて》 / 《固有名詞に付けて》 / 《強意用法に》『随一の』,典型的な / 《「the+比較級,the+比較級」の形で》『…すればするほどそれだけ』 / 《比較級の前に》(…につれて,のために)『それだけ』,ますます
〈U〉〈C〉『がん』 / 〈U〉〈C〉害悪 / 《Cancer》(星座の)カニ座

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/03 09:06:32」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Kidney cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells in the kidney.

The two most common types of kidney cancer are renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the renal pelvis. These names reflect the type of cell from which the cancer developed.

The different types of kidney cancer (such as RCC and UCC) develop in different ways, meaning that the diseases have different outlooks (or prognosis), and need to be staged and treated in different ways.

See also: Renal cell carcinoma and Urothelial cell carcinoma

Types

Micrograph of a kidney cancer (chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, oncocytic variant), that may be challenging to differentiate from a benign kidney tumour (renal oncocytoma). H&E stain.

Micrograph of papillary renal cell carcinoma, a form of kidney cancer. H&E stain.

In addition to renal cell carcinoma and renal pelvis carcinoma, other, less common types of kidney cancer include:

Squamous cell carcinoma
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (reninoma)
Angiomyolipoma
Renal oncocytoma
Bellini duct carcinoma
Clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney
Mesoblastic nephroma
Wilms' tumor, usually is reported in children under the age of 5.
Mixed epithelial stromal tumor^[1]

Rarely, some other types of cancer and potentially cancerous tumors that more usually originate elsewhere can originate in the kidneys. These include:

Clear cell adenocarcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
Inverted papilloma
Renal lymphoma
Teratoma^[2]
Carcinosarcoma^[3]
Carcinoid tumor of the renal pelvis^[4]

Cancer in the kidney may also be secondary, the result of metastasis from a primary cancer elsewhere in the body.

Location within the kidney

Kidney cancer originates in the kidney in two principal locations: the renal tubule and the renal pelvis. Most cancers in the renal tubule are renal cell carcinoma and clear cell adenocarcinoma. Most cancers in the renal pelvis are transitional cell carcinoma.

Signs and symptoms

The most common signs and symptoms of kidney cancer are a lump in the abdomen and/or blood in the urine (or hematuria). Other symptoms may include tiredness, loss of appetite, weight loss, a high temperature and heavy sweating, and persistent pain in the abdomen ^[5] ^[6] However many of these symptoms can be caused by other conditions, and there may also be no signs or symptoms in a person with kidney cancer, especially in the early stages of the disease.

Epidemiology

Around 208,500 new cases of kidney cancer are diagnosed in the world each year, accounting for just under 2% of all cancers.^[7] The highest rates are recorded in Northern America and the lowest rates in Asian and African regions.^[8]

In the United States in 2008, there were around 54,390 new cases of kidney cancer and 13,010 deaths from the disease.^[9] 2005. In the UK, 8,757 people were diagnosed with kidney cancer in 2008, and the disease caused 3,848 deaths. ^[10]

The most recent estimates of incidence of kidney cancer suggest that there are 63,300 new cases annually in the EU25. In Europe, kidney cancer accounts for nearly 3% of all cancer cases.^[11]

In the UK kidney cancer is the eighth most common cancer in men (5,377 new cases diagnosed in 2008), and the ninth most common cancer in women (3,380 new cases in 2008), giving a male:female ratio of over 3:2. ^[12] The number of cases of kidney cancer in men in the UK has doubled from 7 per 100,000 to 14.8 per 100,000 between 1975-1977 and 2006-2008. In women the rates have more than doubled over the same period, rising from 3.2 to 7.5 per 100,000. ^[13]

The incidence of kidney cancer is also increasing in the United States. This is thought to be a real increase, not only due to changes in the way the disease is diagnosed.^[14]

Risks and causes

Factors that increase the risk of kidney cancer include smoking, which can double the risk of the disease; regular use of NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen, which may increase the risk by 51%^[15] or may not^[16]; obesity; faulty genes; a family history of kidney cancer; having kidney disease that needs dialysis; being infected with hepatitis C; and previous treatment for testicular cancer or cervical cancer. ^[17]

There are also other possible risk factors such as high blood pressure, which are being investigated by scientists. ^[18]

Treatment

Treatment for kidney cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. Usually treatment doesn't involve chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as kidney cancers often do not respond to these treatments.

If the cancer has not spread, it will usually be removed by surgery. Sometimes this involves removing the whole kidney, which is called nephrectomy. But surgery is not always possible - for example the patient may have other medical conditions that prevent it, or the cancer may have spread around the body and doctors may not be able to remove it. ^[19] There is currently no evidence that body-wide medical therapy after surgery where there is no known residual disease, that is, adjuvant therapy, helps to improve survival in kidney cancer.

If the cancer can't be cured with surgery, sometimes doctors may use other techniques such as cryotherapy (freezing the tumour away) or radiofrequency ablation (burning the tumour away). However these are not yet used as standard treatments for kidney cancer. ^[20] Other treatment options include biological therapies (drug treatments that use natural substances from the body) such as Everolimus (Afinitor), Temsirolimus (Torisel), Sorafenib (Nexavar), Sunitinib (Sutent), and Axitinib (Inlyta) the use of immunotherapy including interferon and interleukin-2. ^[21]^[22]^[23] Immunotherapy has the potential to induce complete remissions or durable partial remissions in some patients, although it works in only about 10 to 15% of patients. ^[24]

In Wilms' tumor (a type of kidney cancer that affects children), chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the accepted treatments, depending on the stage of the disease when it is diagnosed.^[25] Other rare forms of kidney cancer are not discussed here.

In children

The majority of kidney cancers reported in children are Wilms' tumors. These tumors can begin to grow when a baby is still developing the womb, and may not cause problems until the child is a few years old. Wilms' tumor is most common in children under the age of 5, but can rarely be diagnosed in older children or in adults. It is still not clear what causes most Wilms' tumors. The most common symptoms are swelling of the abdomen and blood in the child's urine. ^[26]

References

^ Thyavihally YB, Tongaonkar HB, Desai SB (September 2005). "Benign mixed epithelial stromal tumor of the renal pelvis with exophytic growth: case report". Int Semin Surg Oncol 2: 18. doi:10.1186/1477-7800-2-18. PMC 1215508. PMID 16150156. http://www.issoonline.com/content/2//18.
^ Nzegwu MA, Aligbe JU, Akintomide GS, Akhigbe AO (May 2007). "Mature cystic renal teratoma in a 25-year-old woman with ipsilateral hydronephrosis, urinary tract infection and spontaneous abortion". Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 16 (3): 300–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2006.00755.x. PMID 17508953. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0961-5423&date=2007&volume=16&issue=3&spage=300.
^ Chiu KC, Lin MC, Liang YC, Chen CY (2008). "Renal carcinosarcoma: case report and review of literature". Ren Fail 30 (10): 1034–9. doi:10.1080/08860220802403192. PMID 19016157. http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/08860220802403192&magic=pubmed%7C%7C1B69BA326FFE69C3F0A8F227DF8201D0.
^ Kuroda N, Katto K, Tamura M, Shiotsu T, Hes O, Michal M, Nagashima Y, Ohara M, Hirouchi T, Mizuno K, Hayashi Y, Lee GH (January 2008). "Carcinoid tumor of the renal pelvis: consideration on the histogenesis". Pathol. Int. 58 (1): 51–4. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02188.x. PMID 18067641. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=1320-5463&date=2008&volume=58&issue=1&spage=51.
^ [1]
^ Katie Charles (January 19, 2011). "Kidney cancer: Innovative new treatments boost survival rates for cancer patients: Daily Checkup with Michael Palese". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/health/2011/01/19/2011-01-19_kidney_cancer_innovative_new_treatments_boost_survival_rates_for_cancer_patients.html. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
^ Lindblad, P. and Adami H.O, Kidney Cancer, in Textbook of Cancer.
^ GLOBOCAN 2002, Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide 2002 estimates. 2006.
^ "Kidney Cancer". National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/kidney. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
^ [2]
^ Ferlay, J., et al., Estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006. Ann Oncol, 2007. 18(3): p. 581-92.
^ [3]
^ [4]
^ Lynch, Charles F.; West, Michele M.; Davila, Jessica A.; Platz, Charles E. (2007). "Chapter 24: Cancers of the Kidney and Renal Pelvic". In Horner, M-J; Young, JL; Keel, GE et al.. SEER Survival Monograph: Cancer Survival Among Adults: US SEER Program, 1988-2001, Patient and Tumor Characteristics. SEER Program. NIH Pub. No. 07-6215. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. pp. 193–202. http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/survival.
^ http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-12/commonly-used-pain-pills-increase-kidney-cancer-risk-in-study.html
^ Lipworth, Loren; Robert E. Tarone, Joseph K McLaughlin (13 December, 2005). "The Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma". Journal of Urology 176 (6): 2353-235. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.07.130. http://www.jurology.com/article/S0022-5347%2806%2901953-7/abstract. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
^ [5]
^ [6]
^ [7]
^ [8]
^ List of treatments for kidney cancer
^ NCCN kidney cancer guidelines
^ [9]
^ http://media.cancercare.org/publications/original/16-ccc_kidney_cancer.pdf
^ [10]
^ [11]

External links

Clinically reviewed kidney cancer information for patients, from Cancer Research UK
UK kidney cancer statistics from Cancer Research UK
Kidney Cancer
Cancer.Net: Kidney Cancer

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 腎細胞癌治療の概要 overview of the treatment of renal cell carcinoma
2. 悪性腫瘍関連腎疾患の概要 overview of renal disease associated with malignancy
3. 遺伝性腎癌症候群 hereditary kidney cancer syndromes
4. 癌生存者用ケアの質の保証：癌と共生するためのケアプラン assuring quality of care for cancer survivors the survivorship care plan
5. 原発不明癌の分類およびマネージメントの概要 overview of the classification and management of cancers of unknown primary site

English Journal

G protein-coupled adenosine (P1) and P2Y receptors: ligand design and receptor interactions.

Jacobson KA, Balasubramanian R, Deflorian F, Gao ZG.SourceLaboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA, kajacobs@helix.nih.gov.
Purinergic signalling.Purinergic Signal.2012 Sep;8(3):419-36. Epub 2012 Feb 29.
The medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of the four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs) and the eight subtypes of P2Y receptors (P2YRs, activated by a range of purine and pyrimidine mono- and dinucleotides) has recently advanced significantly leading to selective ligands. X-ray crystallographic s
PMID 22371149

Clinical and future applications of high intensity focused ultrasound in cancer.

Al-Bataineh O, Jenne J, Huber P.SourceDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Hashemite University, 3034 Engineering Building, Zarqa 13115, Jordan; CCU Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) & Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, 280 INF, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
Cancer treatment reviews.Cancer Treat Rev.2012 Aug;38(5):346-53. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or focused ultrasound (FUS) is a promising modality to treat tumors in a complete, non invasive fashion where online image guidance and therapy control can be achieved by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or diagnostic ultrasound (US). In the last 10 years, th
PMID 21924838

Japanese Journal

Involvement of autophagy in the pharmacological effects of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in acute kidney injury.

Nakagawa Shunsaku,Nishihara Kumiko,Inui Ken-Ichi,Masuda Satohiro
European journal of
… Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have immunosuppressive and anti-cancer effects, but their effects on the progression of kidney disease are not fully understood. …
NAID 120004996384

プラチナ系抗がん剤のがん・腎臓移行を決定する分子機構 (特集トランスポーターを利用したドラッグデリバリー)

米澤淳
Drug delivery system : DDS : official journal of
NAID 40019499304

術前に診断されずに腎移植を行い,術後21日目に皮膚癌と診断された1例

福本亮,惣田哲次,林哲也 [他]
泌尿器科紀要 58(9), 503-506, 2012-09
… The patient was a 67-year-old man who was started on peritoneal dialysis for treatment of diabetic nephropathy in March 2010. … He received an ABO-compatible living-donor kidney transplant from his wife in October 2010. … The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, steroid and basiliximab. …
NAID 40019429546

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「renal cancer」「腎臓癌」「renal neoplasm」「腎癌」「kidney neoplasm」
関連記事	「thing」「cancer」「kidney」

「renal cancer」

Kidney cancer
	Classification and external resources
	; Micrograph showing the most common type of kidney cancer (clear cell renal cell carcinoma). H&E stain.
MeSH	D007680

　　[★]

腎癌、腎臓癌、腎がん、腎臓がん

関: cancer of the kidney、kidney cancer、kidney carcinoma、kidney neoplasm、renal carcinoma、renal neoplasm

「腎臓癌」

　　[★]

英: renal cancer、kidney cancer、cancer of the kidney
関: 腎腫瘍、腎癌、腎臓がん、腎がん、腎臓腫瘍

「renal neoplasm」

　　[★]

腎腫瘍、腎新生物

関: cancer of the kidney、kidney cancer、kidney neoplasm、nephroma、renal cancer

「腎癌」

　　[★]

英

renal cancer, renal carcinoma

kidney cancer、kidney carcinoma、cancer of the kidney

関: 腎臓癌

「kidney neoplasm」

　　[★]

腎臓腫瘍、腎臓新生物

関: cancer of the kidney、kidney cancer、renal cancer、renal neoplasm

「thing」

　　[★] 　　　　　　　　　　　　

「cancer」

　　[★]

同: 癌腫
関: tumor

「kidney」

　　[★] 腎臓

同: KUB

[pmid16150156-0] Thyavihally YB, Tongaonkar HB, Desai SB (September 2005). "Benign mixed epithelial stromal tumor of the renal pelvis with exophytic growth: case report". Int Semin Surg Oncol 2: 18. doi:10.1186/1477-7800-2-18. PMC 1215508. PMID 16150156. http://www.issoonline.com/content/2//18.

[pmid17508953-1] Nzegwu MA, Aligbe JU, Akintomide GS, Akhigbe AO (May 2007). "Mature cystic renal teratoma in a 25-year-old woman with ipsilateral hydronephrosis, urinary tract infection and spontaneous abortion". Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 16 (3): 300–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2354.2006.00755.x. PMID 17508953. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0961-5423&date=2007&volume=16&issue=3&spage=300.

[pmid19016157-2] Chiu KC, Lin MC, Liang YC, Chen CY (2008). "Renal carcinosarcoma: case report and review of literature". Ren Fail 30 (10): 1034–9. doi:10.1080/08860220802403192. PMID 19016157. http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article&doi=10.1080/08860220802403192&magic=pubmed%7C%7C1B69BA326FFE69C3F0A8F227DF8201D0.

[pmid18067641-3] Kuroda N, Katto K, Tamura M, Shiotsu T, Hes O, Michal M, Nagashima Y, Ohara M, Hirouchi T, Mizuno K, Hayashi Y, Lee GH (January 2008). "Carcinoid tumor of the renal pelvis: consideration on the histogenesis". Pathol. Int. 58 (1): 51–4. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02188.x. PMID 18067641. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=1320-5463&date=2008&volume=58&issue=1&spage=51.

[4] [1]

[5] Katie Charles (January 19, 2011). "Kidney cancer: Innovative new treatments boost survival rates for cancer patients: Daily Checkup with Michael Palese". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/health/2011/01/19/2011-01-19_kidney_cancer_innovative_new_treatments_boost_survival_rates_for_cancer_patients.html. Retrieved February 23, 2011.

[6] Lindblad, P. and Adami H.O, Kidney Cancer, in Textbook of Cancer.

[7] GLOBOCAN 2002, Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide 2002 estimates. 2006.

[8] "Kidney Cancer". National Cancer Institute, U.S. National Institutes of Health. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/kidney. Retrieved 2009-03-03.

[9] [2]

[10] Ferlay, J., et al., Estimates of the cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 2006. Ann Oncol, 2007. 18(3): p. 581-92.

[11] [3]

[12] [4]

[13] Lynch, Charles F.; West, Michele M.; Davila, Jessica A.; Platz, Charles E. (2007). "Chapter 24: Cancers of the Kidney and Renal Pelvic". In Horner, M-J; Young, JL; Keel, GE et al.. SEER Survival Monograph: Cancer Survival Among Adults: US SEER Program, 1988-2001, Patient and Tumor Characteristics. SEER Program. NIH Pub. No. 07-6215. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. pp. 193–202. http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/survival.

[14] ttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-09-12/commonly-used-pain-pills-increase-kidney-cancer-risk-in-study.html

[15] Lipworth, Loren; Robert E. Tarone, Joseph K McLaughlin (13 December, 2005). "The Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma". Journal of Urology 176 (6): 2353-235. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.07.130. http://www.jurology.com/article/S0022-5347%2806%2901953-7/abstract. Retrieved 2012-07-15.

[16] [5]

[17] [6]

[18] [7]

[19] [8]

[20] List of treatments for kidney cancer

[21] NCCN kidney cancer guidelines

[22] [9]

[23] ttp://media.cancercare.org/publications/original/16-ccc_kidney_cancer.pdf

[24] [10]

[25] [11]

匿名

検索

案内

案内

cancer of the kidney