WordNet

a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earths crust; an important component of most plants and animals (同)Ca, atomic number 20

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『カルシウム』(金属元素;化学記号は『Ca』)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/04/06 16:24:09」(JST)

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Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement. It is manufactured by the neutralization of gluconic acid with lime or calcium carbonate.

Uses

Hypocalcemia

10% calcium gluconate solution is the form of calcium most widely used in the treatment of hypocalcemia. This form of calcium is superior to calcium lactate, but it only contains 0.93% (930mg/100ml) calcium ion (defined by 1gm weight solute dissolved in 100ml solvent to make 1% solution w/v) . Calcium gluconate is a salt of calcium and gluconic acid. IV form may be given PO, if ordered by the physician.

Magnesium sulfate overdose

It is also used to counteract an overdose of magnesium sulfate,^[1] which is often administered to pregnant women in order to prophylactically prevent seizures (as in patient experiencing preeclampsia). Magnesium sulfate is also given to pregnant women who are experiencing premature labor in order to slow or stop their contractions. Excess magnesium sulfate results in magnesium sulfate toxicity, which results in both respiratory depression and a loss of deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia). Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity.

Treatment of HF burns

Gel preparations of calcium gluconate are used to treat hydrofluoric acid burns.^[2]^[3]

Use in Hyperkalemia

Calcium gluconate is also used as a cardioprotective agent in hyperkalemia. Though it does not have an effect on potassium levels in the blood, it reduces the excitability of cardiomyocytes thus lowering the likelihood of developing cardiac arrhythmias.

Side Effects

Calcium gluconate side effects include nausea, constipation, stomach upset. Extravasation of calcium gluconate can lead to cellulitis. It is also reported that this form of calcium increases renal plasma flow, diuresis, natriuresis, ^[4] ^[5] glomerular filtration rate,^[6] and prostaglandin E2 and F1-alpha levels.^[7]

Rapid intravenous injections of calcium gluconate may cause vasodilation, cardiac arrhythmias, decreased blood pressure, and bradycardia. Intramuscular injections may lead to local necrosis and abscess formation.^[8]

References

^ Omu AE, Al-Harmi J, Vedi HL, Mlechkova L, Sayed AF, Al-Ragum NS (2008). "Magnesium sulphate therapy in women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Kuwait". Med Princ Pract 17 (3): 227–32. doi:10.1159/000117797. PMID 18408392. http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=000117797.
^ el Saadi MS, Hall AH, Hall PK, Riggs BS, Augenstein WL, Rumack BH (1989). "Hydrofluoric acid dermal exposure". Vet Hum Toxicol 31 (3): 243–7. PMID 2741315.
^ Roblin I, Urban M, Flicoteau D, Martin C, Pradeau D (2006). "Topical treatment of experimental hydrofluoric acid skin burns by 2.5% calcium gluconate". J Burn Care Res 27 (6): 889–94. doi:10.1097/01.BCR.0000245767.54278.09. PMID 17091088.
^ Ruilope LM, Oliet A, Alcázar JM, Hernández E, Andrés A, Rodicio JL, García-Robles R, Martínez J, Lahera V, Romero JC. (December 1989). "Characterization of the renal effects of an intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in normotensive volunteers.". J Hypertens Suppl. 7 (6): 170. PMID 2632708.
^ Bernardi M, Di Marco C, Trevisani F, Fornalè L, Andreone P, Cursaro C, Baraldini M, Ligabue A, Tamè MR, Gasbarrini G. (July 1993). "Renal sodium retention during upright posture in preascitic cirrhosis.". Gastroenterology. 105 (1): 188–193. PMID 8514034.
^ Wong F, Massie D, Colman J, Dudley F. (March 1993). "Glomerular hyperfiltration in patients with well-compensated alcoholic cirrhosis.". Gastroenterology. 104 (3): 884–900. PMID 8440439.
^ Lahera V, Fiksen-Olsen MJ, Romero JC. (February 1990). "Stimulation of renin release by intrarenal calcium infusion.". Hypertension 15 (2): 149–152. PMID 2404858.
^ Yui-Ming Lam, Hung-Fat Tse, Chu-Pak Lau (April 2001). "Continuous Calcium Chloride Infusion for Massive Nifedipine Overdose". CHEST 119 (4): 1280–1282. doi:10.1378/chest.119.4.1280. PMID 11296202.

UpToDate Contents

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1. Hypoparathyroidism
2. 低カルシウム血症の治療 treatment of hypocalcemia
3. 成人における高カリウム血症の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia in adults
4. 小児蘇生法における第一選択剤 primary drugs in pediatric resuscitation
5. カルシウム拮抗剤中毒 calcium channel blocker poisoning

English Journal

Determination of (210)Po in calcium supplements and the possible related dose assessment to the consumers.

Strumińska-Parulska DI1.
Journal of environmental radioactivity.J Environ Radioact.2015 Dec;150:121-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.08.006. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
The aim of this pioneer study was to investigate the most popular calcium supplements as a potential additional source of polonium (210)Po in human diet. The analyzed calcium pharmaceutics contained organic or inorganic calcium compounds; some from natural sources as mussels' shells, fish extracts,
PMID 26318774

Intraoperative high-dose calcium stimulation test in patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma is highly accurate in predicting lateral neck metastases.

De Crea C1, Raffaelli M2, Milano V1, Carrozza C3, Zuppi C3, Bellantone R1, Lombardi CP1.
Surgery.Surgery.2015 Oct 5. pii: S0039-6060(15)00678-9. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.08.022. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Intraoperative measurement of calcitonin is not highly accurate in predicting the completeness of the operative resection after total thyroidectomy combined with central neck dissection (TT-CND) in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). We evaluated whether an intraoperative, h
PMID 26456123

Clinical weighting of drug-drug interactions in hospitalized elderly.

Juárez-Cedillo T1,2, Martinez-Hernández C1, Hernández-Constantino A1, Garcia-Cruz JC3, Avalos-Mejia AM1, Sánchez-Hurtado LA4,5, Islas Perez V2, Hansten PD6.
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.2015 Oct 3. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12495. [Epub ahead of print]
Adverse drug reactions impact on patient health, effectiveness of pharmacological therapy and increased health care costs. The current investigation intended to detect the most critical drug-drug interactions in hospitalized elderly patients, weighting clinical risk. We conducted a cross-sectional s
PMID 26432499

Japanese Journal

解毒薬グルコン酸カルシウム

高村卓志,森脇龍太郎
The Japanese journal of clinical toxicology = 中毒研究 : 日本中毒学会機関誌 32(1), 83-87, 2019
NAID 40021837130

カルシウム拮抗薬の急性薬物中毒に対し塩化カルシウムの投与が奏功した1症例

野原春菜,岡田保誠,有野聡,今村剛朗,松吉健夫,佐々木庸郎,山口和将,一瀬麻紀,小島直樹,稲川博司
日本救急医学会関東地方会雑誌 39(3), 366-369, 2019
<p>【はじめに】カルシウム拮抗薬の急性薬物中毒に対し塩化カルシウムの投与が奏効した49歳女性1例を経験したので報告する。【症例】49歳女性。既往歴は高血圧・糖尿病・子宮頸癌治療後。薬物過量内服による意識障害を主訴に当院へ搬送となった。内服したのは主にアムロジピンベシル酸塩で, 最大535mgを内服した。アムロジピンベシル酸塩の中毒症状として, 低血圧と急性腎機能障害を合併した。グルコ …
NAID 130007591159

Should the Selective Arterial Secretagogue Injection Test for Insulinoma Localization Be Evaluated at 60 or 120 Seconds?

Ueda Keijiro,Nishie Akihiro,Asayama Yoshiki,T. Jensen Robert,Ogawa Yoshihiro,Ito Tetsuhide,Kawabe Ken,Lee Lingaku,Fujiyama Takashi,Tachibana Yuichi,Miki Masami,Yasunaga Kohei,Takaoka Takehiro
Internal Medicine 56(22), 2985-2991, 2017
… For the SASI test, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was determined at baseline and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds after calcium gluconate injection. …
NAID 130006201576

Related Pictures

Calcium Gluconate 10% PF 10 ml - Med-Plus Physician Supplies Calcium Gluconate Granules (E578) - The Melbourne Food Depot, Melbourne, Australia Calcium Gluconate, 10%, 100mg/mL, SDV, 50mL Glass Vial | McGuff Medical Products Now Foods, Calcium Gluconate Powder, 7 oz (198 g) - iHerb Calcium Gluconate, 100mg/mL, SDV - Med-Plus Physician Supplies Calcium Gluconate 10% PF 10 ml - Med-Plus Physician Supplies

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「グルコン酸カルシウム」
関連記事	「calcium」

「グルコン酸カルシウム」

Calcium gluconate
	IUPAC name calcium (2R,3S,4R,5R)- 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
Identifiers
CAS number	299-28-5
PubChem	9290
ChemSpider	8932
UNII	SQE6VB453K
ATC code	A12AA03,D11AX03
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2C6H12O7.Ca/c27-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h22-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t22-,3-,4+,5-;/m11./s1 ; Key: NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-IYEMJOQQSA-L InChI=1/2C6H12O7.Ca/c27-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h22-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t22-,3-,4+,5-;/m11./s1; Key: NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-QFKJHGNTBC ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C12H22CaO14
Molar mass	430.373 g/mol
Exact mass	430.06547
Appearance	powder
Odor	odorless
Melting point	120 °C (decomposes)
Solubility in water	slowly soluble
Solubility	insoluble in alcohol and organic solvents
Acidity (pKa)	6-7
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: calcium gluconate
ラ: calcii gluconas
商: カルチコール
関: 高カリウム血症

適応

カルシウム補給
高カリウム血症(静脈注射)(高カリウム血症が重篤な場合な場合(7mEq/Lよりも高値)、心電図上の変化が大きい場合(P波の消失、QRS間隔の延長)(ICU.537))

作用機序

カルシウムはカリウムの細胞膜への作用を直接的に拮抗する(ICU.537)

「calcium」

　　[★]

カルシウム Ca2+

[pmid18408392-0] Omu AE, Al-Harmi J, Vedi HL, Mlechkova L, Sayed AF, Al-Ragum NS (2008). "Magnesium sulphate therapy in women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Kuwait". Med Princ Pract 17 (3): 227–32. doi:10.1159/000117797. PMID 18408392. http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=000117797.

[pmid2741315-1] Saadi MS, Hall AH, Hall PK, Riggs BS, Augenstein WL, Rumack BH (1989). "Hydrofluoric acid dermal exposure". Vet Hum Toxicol 31 (3): 243–7. PMID 2741315.

[pmid17091088-2] Roblin I, Urban M, Flicoteau D, Martin C, Pradeau D (2006). "Topical treatment of experimental hydrofluoric acid skin burns by 2.5% calcium gluconate". J Burn Care Res 27 (6): 889–94. doi:10.1097/01.BCR.0000245767.54278.09. PMID 17091088.

[pmid2632708-3] Ruilope LM, Oliet A, Alcázar JM, Hernández E, Andrés A, Rodicio JL, García-Robles R, Martínez J, Lahera V, Romero JC. (December 1989). "Characterization of the renal effects of an intravenous calcium gluconate infusion in normotensive volunteers.". J Hypertens Suppl. 7 (6): 170. PMID 2632708.

[pmid8514034-4] Bernardi M, Di Marco C, Trevisani F, Fornalè L, Andreone P, Cursaro C, Baraldini M, Ligabue A, Tamè MR, Gasbarrini G. (July 1993). "Renal sodium retention during upright posture in preascitic cirrhosis.". Gastroenterology. 105 (1): 188–193. PMID 8514034.

[pmid8440439-5] Wong F, Massie D, Colman J, Dudley F. (March 1993). "Glomerular hyperfiltration in patients with well-compensated alcoholic cirrhosis.". Gastroenterology. 104 (3): 884–900. PMID 8440439.

[pmid2404858-6] Lahera V, Fiksen-Olsen MJ, Romero JC. (February 1990). "Stimulation of renin release by intrarenal calcium infusion.". Hypertension 15 (2): 149–152. PMID 2404858.

[7] Yui-Ming Lam, Hung-Fat Tse, Chu-Pak Lau (April 2001). "Continuous Calcium Chloride Infusion for Massive Nifedipine Overdose". CHEST 119 (4): 1280–1282. doi:10.1378/chest.119.4.1280. PMID 11296202.

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案内

案内

calcium gluconate