WordNet

a compound used as a fertilizer and as a source of nitrogen compounds (同)cyanamide
a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earths crust; an important component of most plants and animals (同)Ca, atomic number 20
a weak soluble dibasic acid (the parent acid of cyanamide salts) (同)cyanamid

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『カルシウム』(金属元素;化学記号は『Ca』)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/25 23:36:28」(JST)

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Calcium cyanamide is the inorganic compound with the formula CaCN₂. This calcium derivative of cyanamide (CN₂^2-) is used as fertilizer,^[3] first synthesized in 1898 by Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro (Frank-Caro process).^[4] It is commercially known as nitrolime.

Production

Calcium cyanamide is prepared from calcium carbide. The carbide powder is heated at about 1,000°C in an electric furnace into which nitrogen is passed for several hours.^[5] The product is cooled to ambient temperatures and any unreacted carbide is leached out cautiously with water.

CaC₂ + N₂ → CaCN₂ + C (ΔHƒ°= –69.0 kcal/mol at 25 °C)

The reaction is conducted in large steel chambers. An electric carbon element heats the reactants to red heat. Nitrogen gas is pressurised at 2 atmospheres.

It crystallizes in hexagonal crystal system with space group R3m and lattice constants a = 3.67, c = 14.85 (.10⁻¹ nm).^[6]^[7]

Uses

The main use of calcium cyanamide is in agriculture as a fertilizer.^[3] In contact with water it decomposes and liberates ammonia:

CaCN₂ + 3 H₂O → 2 NH₃ + CaCO₃

It was used to produce sodium cyanide by fusing with sodium carbonate:

CaCN₂ + Na₂CO₃ + 2C → 2 NaCN + CaO + 2CO

Sodium cyanide is used in cyanide process in gold mining. It can also be used in the preparation of calcium cyanide and melamine.

Through hydrolysis, calcium cyanamide produces cyanamide:

CaCN₂ + H₂O + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂NCN

The conversion is conducted on slurries, consequently most commercial cyanamide is sold as an aqueous solution.

Thiourea can be produced by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with calcium cyanamide in the presence of carbon dioxide.^[5]

Calcium cyanamide is also used as a wire-fed alloy in steelmaking, in order to introduce nitrogen into the steel.

References

^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8
^ ^a ^b "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0091". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ ^a ^b Auchmoody, L.R.; Wendel, G.W. (1973). "Effect of calcium cyanamide on growth and nutrition of plan fed yellow-poplar seedlings". U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
^ "History of Degussa: Rich harvest, healthy environment". Retrieved 2008-07-18.
^ ^a ^b Thomas Güthner; Bernd Mertschenk (2006). "Cyanamides". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_139.pub2.
^ F. Brezina, J. Mollin, R. Pastorek, Z. Sindelar. Chemicke tabulky anorganickych sloucenin (Chemical tables of inorganic compounds). SNTL, 1986.
^ Vannerberg, N.G. "The crystal structure of calcium cyanamide" Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1-27,1973-42,1988) (1962) 16, p2263-p2266

External links

"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0091". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
History of calcium cyanamide
Bioassay of Calcium Cyanamide for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. 156-62-7)
Entry at Classical Encyclopedia

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

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Japanese Journal

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「シアナミド」

Calcium cyanamide
Names
	IUPAC name Calcium cyanamide
	Other names Cyanamide calcium salt, Lime Nitrogen, UN 1403, Nitrolime
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	156-62-7
ChemSpider	10669887 ; 21106503
EC number	205-861-8
	InChI InChI=1S/CN2.Ca/c2-1-3;/q-2;+2 ; Key: MYFXBBAEXORJNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/CN2.Ca/c2-1-3;/q-2;+2; Key: MYFXBBAEXORJNB-UHFFFAOYAU ;
Jmol-3D images	Image; Image
PubChem	4685067
RTECS number	GS6000000
	SMILES [Ca+2].N#CN ; [Ca+2].[N-2]C#N ;
UNII	ZLR270912W
UN number	1403
Properties
Chemical formula	CaCN2
Molar mass	80.102 g/mol
Appearance	White solid (Often gray or black from impurities)
Odor	odorless
Density	2.29 g/cm3
Melting point	1,340 °C (2,440 °F; 1,610 K)
Boiling point	1,150 to 1,200 °C (2,100 to 2,190 °F; 1,420 to 1,470 K) (sublimes)
Solubility in water	Reacts
Hazards
MSDS	ICSC 1639
EU Index	615-017-00-4
EU classification	Harmful (Xn); Irritant (Xi)
R-phrases	R22 R37 R41
S-phrases	(S2) S22 S26 S36/37/39
NFPA 704	0 3 1 W
Flash point	Non-flammable
	US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	none
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.
Related compounds
Related compounds	Cyanamide; Calcium carbide
	Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references