- 同
- 鳥距動脈
WordNet
- a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic
- a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body (同)arteria, arterial blood vessel
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 動脈 / (道路・水路・鉄道などの)勘線,(通信の)主チャンネル
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/01/09 20:02:56」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Posterior cerebral artery |
Outer surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. (Yellow is region supplied by posterior cerebral artery.)
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The arterial circle and arteries of the brain. The posterior cerebral arteries (bottom forks) arise from the basilar artery (center).
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Details |
Latin |
arteria cerebri posterior |
Source |
basilar artery (most common in adults) |
Vein
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cerebral veins |
Supplies |
occipital lobe of cerebrum |
Identifiers |
Gray's |
p.580 |
MeSH |
A07.231.114.228.700 |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
a_61/12153821 |
TA |
A12.2.07.082 |
FMA |
50583 |
Anatomical terminology |
The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is one of a pair of blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the posterior aspect of the brain (occipital lobe) in human anatomy. It arises near the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the basilar artery and connects with the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating artery (PCommA).
Contents
- 1 Origin
- 2 Structure
- 2.1 Central branches
- 2.2 Choroidal branches
- 2.3 Cortical branches
- 3 Clinical relevance
- 3.1 Stroke
- 3.2 Peripheral territory (Cortical branches)
- 3.3 Central territory (Ganglionic branches)
- 4 See also
- 5 Additional images
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Origin
The development of the PCA in fetal brain comes relatively late and arises from the fusion of several embryonic vessels near the caudal end of the PCommA supplying the mesencephalon and diencephalon of the fetus.[1] The PCA begins as such, as a continuation of the PCommA in the fetus with only 10–30% of fetuses having a prominent basilar origin.[2]
The fetal carotid origin of the PCA usually regresses as the vertebral and basilar arteries develop with the PCommA reducing is size. In most adults, the PCA sources from the anterior portion of the basilar artery. Only about 19% of adults retain PCommA dominance of the PCA with 72% having dominant basilar origin, and the rest having either equal prominence between PCommA and basilar artery, or a single exclusive source.[2]
Structure
The branches of the posterior cerebral artery are divided into two sets, ganglionic and cortical:
Central branches
See also: Artery of Percheron
Also known as the perforating branches:
- Thalamoperforating and thalamogeniculate or postero-medial ganglionic branches: a group of small arteries which arise at the commencement of the posterior cerebral artery: these, with similar branches from the posterior communicating, pierce the posterior perforated substance, and supply the medial surfaces of the thalami and the walls of the third ventricle.
- Peduncular perforating or postero-lateral ganglionic branches: small arteries which arise from the posterior cerebral artery after it has turned around the cerebral peduncle; they supply a considerable portion of the thalamus.
Posterior cerebral artery
Choroidal branches
See also: Anterior choroidal artery
- Medial posterior choroidal branches: run forward beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum, and supply the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle and the choroid plexus.
- Lateral posterior choroidal branches: small branches to the cerebral peduncle, fornix, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle.[3]
Cortical branches
The cortical branches are:
- Anterior temporal, distributed to the uncus and the anterior part of the fusiform gyrus
- Posterior temporal, to the fusiform and the inferior temporal gyri
- Lateral occipital, which branches into the anterior, middle and posterior inferior temporal arteries
- Medial occipital, which branches into the:
- Calcarine, to the cuneus and gyrus lingualis and the back part of the convex surface of the occipital lobe
- Parieto-occipital, to the cuneus and the precuneus
- Splenial, or the posterior pericallosal branch, sometimes anastamoses with the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and may not be present if the ACA wraps around the corpus callosum
Clinical relevance
Stroke
- Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations.
- Visual field defects (contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing).
- Prosopagnosia with bilateral obstruction of the lingual and fusiform gyri.
- Superior Alternating Syndrome (Weber's syndrome)
- Ipsilateral deficits of oculomotor nerve,
- Contralateral deficits of facial nerve (only lower face, upper face receives bilateral input), vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve
- Horner's Syndrome
Signs and symptoms:Structures involved
Peripheral territory (Cortical branches)
- Homonymous hemianopia (often upper quadrantic): Calcarine cortex or optic radiation nearby.
- Bilateral homonymous hemianopia, cortical blindness, awareness or denial of blindness; tactile naming, achromatopia (color blindness), failure to see to-and-fro movements, inability to perceive objects not centrally located, apraxia of ocular movements, inability to count or enumerate objects, tendency to run into things that the patient sees and tries to avoid: Bilateral occipital lobe with possibly the parietal lobe involved.
- Verbal dyslexia without agraphia, color anomia: Dominant calcarine lesion and posterior part of corpus callosum.
- Memory defect: Hippocampal lesion bilaterally or on the dominant side only.
- Topographic disorientation and prosopagnosia: Usually with lesions of nondominant, calcarine, and lingual gyrus.
- Simultanagnosia, hemivisual neglect: Dominant visual cortex, contralateral hemisphere.
- Unformed visual hallucinations, peduncular hallucinosis, metamorphopsia, teleopsia, illusory visual spread, palinopsia, distortion of outlines, central photophobia: Calcarine cortex.
- Complex hallucinations: Usually nondominant hemisphere.
Central territory (Ganglionic branches)
- Thalamic syndrome: sensory loss (all modalities), spontaneous pain and dysesthesias, choreoathetosis, intention tremor, spasms of hand, mild hemiparesis, contralateral hemianaethesia: Posteroventral nucleus of thalamus; involvement of the adjacent subthalamus body or its afferent tracts.
- Thalamoperforate syndrome: crossed cerebellar ataxia with ipsilateral third nerve palsy (Claude's syndrome): Dentatothalamic tract and issuing third nerve.
- Weber's syndrome: third nerve palsy and contralateral hemiplegia: Third nerve and cerebral peduncle.
- Contralateral hemiplegia: Cerebral peduncle.
- Paralysis or paresis of vertical eye movement, skew deviation, sluggish pupillary responses to light, slight miosis and ptosis (retraction nystagmus and "tucking" of the eyelids may be associated): Supranuclear fibers to third nerve, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, and posterior commissure.
- Contralateral rhythmic, ataxic action tremor; rhythmic postural or "holding" tremor (rubral tremor): Dentatothalamic tract.
See also
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.
- Circle of Willis
- Anterior cerebral artery
Additional images
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Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. Areas supplied by the posterior cerebral artery shown in yellow.
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The arteries of the base of the brain. Posterior cerebral artery labeled near center. The temporal pole of the cerebrum and a portion of the cerebellar hemisphere have been removed on the right side. Inferior aspect (viewed from below).
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References
- ^ Osborn, Anne G.; Jacobs, John M. (1999), Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, p. 153, ISBN 978-0-397-58404-8
- ^ a b Krayenbühl, Hugo; Yaşargil, Mahmut Gazi; Huber, Peter; Bosse, George (1982), Cerebral Angiography, Thieme, pp. 163–165, ISBN 978-0-86577-067-6
- ^ Atlas of Human Anatomy, Frank Netter
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Posterior cerebral artery. |
- neuro/322 at eMedicine – Posterior cerebral artery stroke
- Atlas image: n3a8p1 at the University of Michigan Health System
- Anatomy photo:28:09-0206 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- Anatomy diagram: 13048.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
- Overview
- Angiography at State University of New York Upstate Medical University
- Diagram
- Blood supply
Arteries of the head and neck
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CC |
EC |
sup. thyroid |
- superior laryngeal
- sternocleidomastoid branch
- infrahyoid branch
- cricothyroid branch
- glandular branches
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asc. pharyngeal |
- posterior meningeal
- pharyngeal branches
- inferior tympanic
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lingual |
- suprahyoid
- dorsal lingual
- deep lingual
- sublingual
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facial |
- cervical branches (ascending palatine, tonsillar, submental, glandular)
- facial branches (inferior labial
- superior labial / nasal septum
- lateral nasal
- angular)
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occipital |
- sternocleidomastoid
- meningeal
- occipital
- auricular
- descending
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post. auricular |
- stylomastoid
- stapedial
- auricular
- occipital
- Parotid
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sup. temporal |
- transverse facial
- middle temporal (zygomatico-orbital)
- anterior auricular
- frontal
- parietal
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maxillary |
1st part / mandibular |
- anterior tympanic
- deep auricular
- middle meningeal (superior tympanic, petrosal)
- accessory meningeal
- inferior alveolar (mental, mylohyoid)
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2nd part / pterygoid |
- to muscles of mastication (deep temporal, pterygoid, masseteric)
- buccal
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3rd part / pterygopalatine |
- posterior superior alveolar
- infraorbital (anterior superior alveolar)
- descending palatine (greater palatine, lesser palatine)
- artery of the pterygoid canal
- sphenopalatine (posterior septal branches, posterior lateral nasal)
- pharyngeal
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IC |
cervical |
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petrous |
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cavernous/
ophthalmic |
- orbital group:anterior ethmoidal (anterior septal, anterior lateral nasal, anterior meningeal)
- posterior ethmoidal
- lacrimal (lateral palpebral)
- medial palpebral
- terminal (supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal)
ocular group: central retinal
- ciliary (short posterior, long posterior, anterior)
- hypophysial (superior, inferior)
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Willis/Cerebral |
- ACA (anterior communicating, medial striate)
- MCA (anterolateral central, Orbitofrontal artery, Prefrontal artery, Superior terminal branch, Inferior terminal branch, Anterior temporal branch)
- posterior communicating
- anterior choroidal
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SC |
vertebral artery |
- meningeal
- spinal (posterior, anterior)
- basilar: pontine
- labyrinthine
- cerebellar (AICA, SCA, PICA)
- cerebral (PCA)
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thyrocervical trunk |
inferior thyroid |
- inferior laryngeal
- tracheal
- esophageal
- ascending cervical
- pharyngeal
- glandular branches
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transverse cervical |
- superficial branch
- deep branch / dorsal scapular
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suprascapular |
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costocervical trunk |
- deep cervical
- Supreme Intercostal artery
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Index of the circulatory system
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Description |
- Anatomy
- Arteries
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen
- legs
- Veins
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen and pelvis
- legs
- Development
- Cells
- Physiology
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Disease |
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Lymphatic vessels
- Injury
- Vasculitis
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- beta blockers
- channel blockers
- diuretics
- nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives
- peripheral vasodilators
- renin–angiotensin system
- sympatholytic antihypertensives
- vasoprotectives
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Association of brain metabolism with sulcation and corpus callosum development assessed by MRI in late-onset small fetuses.
- Sanz-Cortes M1, Egaña-Ugrinovic G2, Simoes RV2, Vazquez L3, Bargallo N4, Gratacos E2.
- American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.Am J Obstet Gynecol.2015 Jun;212(6):804.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.041. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
- OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the relationship between fetal brain metabolism and microstructure expressed by brain sulcation, and corpus callosum (CC) development assessed by fetal brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS).STUDY DESIGN: A total of 119 fetuses,
- PMID 25640049
- A systematic study of topographical memory and posterior cerebral artery infarctions.
- Busigny T1, Pagès B2, Barbeau EJ2, Bled C2, Montaut E2, Raposo N2, Albucher JF2, Chollet F2, Pariente J2.
- Neurology.Neurology.2014 Sep 9;83(11):996-1003. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000780. Epub 2014 Aug 1.
- OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of topographical memory impairment following posterior cerebral artery infarctions (PCAI) and define its anatomical correlations.METHODS: We recruited 15 patients (mean duration of 4 months postinfarct). We administered 2 sets of experimental tests to assess top
- PMID 25085641
- Aneurysms of the P2P Segment of Posterior Cerebral Artery: Case Report and Surgical Steps.
- Aguiar P1, Gatto L2, Neves M1, Martins C1, Nakasone F1, Isolan G3.
- Case reports in medicine.Case Rep Med.2014;2014:325414. doi: 10.1155/2014/325414. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
- The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is divided into 4 segments: precommunicating segment (P1), postcommunicating segment (P2), quadrigeminal segment (P3), and calcarine segment (P4). Small aneurysms are more prevalent than large aneurysms in patients with ruptured aneurysms. P2 and P3 aneurysms are
- PMID 25548571
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