同: 総体流

WordNet

cause to flow; "The artist flowed the washes on the paper"
the amount of fluid that flows in a given time (同)flow_rate, rate of flow
any uninterrupted stream or discharge
cover or swamp with water
the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression (同)stream
the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases) (同)flowing
move or progress freely as if in a stream; "The crowd flowed out of the stadium" (同)flux
be abundantly present; "The champagne flowed at the wedding"
stick out or up; "The parcel bulked in the sack"
the property of something that is great in magnitude; "it is cheaper to buy it in bulk"; "he received a mass of correspondence"; "the volume of exports" (同)mass, volume
the property possessed by a large mass

PrepTutorEJDIC

《副詞巳句始を伴って》〈気体・液体・電気などが〉『流れる』 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈言葉・人々などず〉流れるように続く / 〈心・場所などが〉(…で)いっぱいになる,満ちあふれる《+『with』+『名』》 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈髪・服などが〉長く垂れる;風になびく / 〈潮が〉満ちる / (…から)生じる,発生する《+『from』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(気体・液体・電気などの)『流れ』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(言葉・人などの)絶え間のない(よどみのない)流れ《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(…の)洪水,はんらん《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《the flow》満ち潮,上げ潮
『かさばっていること』 / 《the bulk》(…の)大部分,大半《+『of』+『名』》 / ばら荷;(船の)積み荷 / かさばる,大きく見える
流れる / 流ちょうな / ゆるやにかに垂れた

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/25 17:40:18」(JST)

wiki en

This article is about the flow of fluids in biological systems. For use of mass flow in physics see Fluid Dynamics. For bulk flow in physics see Advection. For protein transport in cell biology see Bulk movement.

Mass flow, also known as “mass transfer” and “bulk flow”, is the movement of fluids down a pressure or temperature gradient,^[1] particularly in the life sciences. As such, mass flow is a subject of study in both fluid dynamics and biology. Examples of mass flow include blood circulation and transport of water in vascular plant tissues. Mass flow is not to be confused with diffusion which depends on concentration gradients within a medium rather than pressure gradients of the medium itself.

Plant Biology

In general, bulk flow in plant biology typically refers to the movement of water from the soil up through the plant to the leaf tissue, but can also be applied to the transport of larger solutes (e.g. sucrose) through the phloem.

Xylem

According to cohesion-tension theory, water transport in xylem relies upon the cohesion of water molecules to each other and adhesion to the vessel's wall via hydrogen bonding combined with the high water pressure of the plant's substrate and low pressure of the extreme tissues (usually leaves).^[2]

As in blood circulation in animals, (gas) embolisms may form within one or more xylem vessels of a plant. If an air bubble forms, the upward flow of xylem water will stop because the pressure difference in the vessel cannot be transmitted. Once these embolisms are nucleated^{[definition needed]}, the remaining water in the capillaries begins to turn to water vapor. When these bubbles form rapidly by cavitation, the "snapping" sound can be used to measure the rate of cavitation within the plant .^[3] Plants^[which?] do, however, have physiological mechanisms to reestablish the capillary action within their cells ^{[clarification needed]}^{[citation needed]}.

Phloem

Solute flow is driven by a difference in hydraulic pressure created from the unloading of solutes in the sink tissues.^[4] That is, as solutes are off-loaded into sink cells (by active or passive transport), the density of the phloem liquid decreases locally, creating a pressure gradient.

References

^ Moyes & Schulte (2008). Principles of Animal Physiology. Pearson Benjamin Cummings. San Francisc, CA.
^ Taiz, Lincoln; Zeiger, Eduardo; Moller, Ian Max; Murphy, Angus (2015). Plant Physiology and Development. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. p. 66. ISBN 978-1605353531.
^ Pockman, W.T., Sperry, J.S., & O'Leary, J.W. 1995. Sustained and significant negative water pressure in xylem. 'Nature' 378: 715-716
^ Lambers, Hans (2008). Plant Physiological Ecology. 233 Spring Street, New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-387-78341-3.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Synthesis of manganese oxide nanocrystal by ultrasonic bath: effect of external magnetic field.

Bastami TR, Entezari MH.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775 Mashhad, Iran.
Ultrasonics sonochemistry.Ultrason Sonochem.2012 Jul;19(4):830-40. Epub 2011 Dec 13.
A novel technique was used for the synthesis of manganese oxide nanocrystal by applying an external magnetic field (EMF) on the precursor solution before sonication with ultrasonic bath. The results were compared in the presence and absence of EMF. Manganese acetate solution as precursor was circula
PMID 22221536

Implementation of an automated system for monitoring adherence to hemodialysis treatment: A report of seven years of experience.

Bellazzi R, Sacchi L, Caffi E, de Vincenzi A, Nai M, Manicone F, Larizza C, Bellazzi R.SourceDipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
International journal of medical informatics.Int J Med Inform.2012 May;81(5):320-31. Epub 2012 Feb 23.
OBJECTIVE: In this paper we present the clinical deployment and evaluation of a computerized system, EMOSTAT, aimed at improving the quality of hemodialysis sessions. EMOSTAT automatically imports data from the hemodialysis monitoring software tools and analyzes the delivered treatment looking at si
PMID 22365786

Japanese Journal

Particle-like and fluid-like settling of a stratified suspension

Harada Shusaku,Mitsui Takashi,Sato Kodai
The European physical journal. E, Soft matter and biological physics 35(1), 2012-01
… In some cases, the suspension behaves perfectly as a continuous fluid and the motion of the constituent particle is subject to bulk flow caused by the interfacial instability. …
NAID 120003837209

磐梯火山最初期噴出物におけるマグマ組成の時間変化 : 裏磐梯高原コアの化学分析結果

山元孝広
火山 56(6), 189-200, 2011-12-31
… I analyzed bulk chemical compositions of the core samples. … UBL is made up of andesite to dacite pyroclastic flow and debris flow deposits, showing a distal volcanic fan facies. … UBM is composed of a basal basaltic andesite lava flow and overlying andesite lava flows, showing a proximal volcanic cone facies. …
NAID 110008898448