WordNet
- (of speech) heavily and noticeably regional; "a broad southern accent"
- slang term for a woman; "a broad is a woman who can throw a mean punch"
- being at a peak or culminating point; "broad daylight"; "full summer" (同)full
- showing or characterized by broad-mindedness; "a broad political stance"; "generous and broad sympathies"; "a liberal newspaper"; "tolerant of his opponents opinions" (同)large-minded, liberal, tolerant
- very large in expanse or scope; "a broad lawn"; "the wide plains"; "a spacious view"; "spacious skies" (同)spacious, wide
- not detailed or specific; "a broad rule"; "the broad outlines of the plan"; "felt an unspecific dread" (同)unspecific
- lacking subtlety; obvious; "gave us a broad hint that it was time to leave" (同)unsubtle
- an ordered array of the components of an emission or wave
- a broad range of related objects or values or qualities or ideas or activities
- a chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that can kill microorganisms and cure bacterial infections; "when antibiotics were first discovered they were called wonder drugs" (同)antibiotic drug
- of or relating to antibiotic drugs
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『幅の広い』 / 『広大な』,広々とした / 幅が…ある / 寛大な,包容力のある,偏見のない / 広範囲にわたる / 分かりやすい,明白な / くまなく行き渡った,さえぎるもののない,明るい / あけすけの,露骨な / 主要な;大まかな,大ざっぱな / (発音に)強いなまりのある / すっかり,広く(wide)
- スペクトル(光がプリズムを通過するとき生じる色の帯) / (電磁波・音波などの)範囲,スペクトル / (多様だが関連あるものの)連続[範囲]《+『of』+『名』》
- 抗生物質(ペニシリン,ストレプトマイシンなど) / 抗生[物質]の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/08/03 20:33:46」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The term broad-spectrum antibiotic refers to an antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.[1] A broad-spectrum antibiotic acts against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in contrast to a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, which is effective against specific families of bacteria.[2] An example of a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic is ampicillin.[3]
Contents
- 1 Uses
- 2 Risks
- 3 Examples
- 4 See also
- 5 References
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Uses[edit source | edit]
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are properly used in the following medical situations:
- Empirically (i.e., based on the experience of the practitioner), prior to the formal identification of the causative bacteria, when there is a wide range of possible illnesses and a potentially serious illness would result if treatment is delayed. This occurs, for example, in meningitis, where the patient can become fatally ill within hours if broad-spectrum antibiotics are not initiated.
- For drug resistant bacteria that do not respond to other, more narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
- In the case of superinfections, where there are multiple types of bacteria causing illness, thus warranting either a broad-spectrum antibiotic or combination antibiotic therapy.
Risks[edit source | edit]
As a side-effect, antibiotics can change the body's normal microbial content by attacking indiscriminately both the pathological and naturally occurring, beneficial or harmless bacteria found in the intestines, lungs and bladder.[4] The destruction of the body's normal bacterial flora provides an opportunity for drug-resistant microorganisms to grow vigorously and can lead to a secondary infection such as Clostridium difficile[5] (also known as "C. diff") or Candidiasis (also known as "thrush") in females. This side-effect is more likely with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.[6]
Examples[edit source | edit]
In medicine:
- Amoxicillin
- Imipenem
- Levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin
In veterinary medicine, Co-amoxiclav, (in small animals); penicillin & streptomycin and oxytetracycline (in farm animals); penicillin and potentiated sulfonamides (in horses).
Others:
- Streptomycin
- Tetracycline
- Chloramphenicol
Slightly broad:
See also[edit source | edit]
- Empiric therapy
- Narrow-spectrum antibiotic
References[edit source | edit]
- ^ Clayton L. Thomas Editor, Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary 17th ed., 1993 (ISBN 0-8036-8313-8)
- ^ S.J. Hopkins, Drugs and Pharmacology for Nurses 12th ed., 1997 (ISBN 0-443-05249 2)
- ^ S.J. Hopkins, Drugs and Pharmacology for Nurses 12th ed., 1997 (ISBN 0-443-05249 2)
- ^ E.A. Martin, Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary 6th ed., 2003 (ISBN 0-19-860753-9)
- ^ S.J. Hopkins, Drugs and Pharmacology for Nurses 12th ed., 1997 (ISBN 0-443-05249 2)
- ^ E.A. Martin, Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary 6th ed., 2003 (ISBN 0-19-860753-9)
- Clayton L. Thomas Editor, Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary 17th ed., 1993 (ISBN 0-8036-8313-8)
- S.J. Hopkins, Drugs and Pharmacology for Nurses 12th ed., 1997 (ISBN 0-443-05249 2)
- Ibid
- E.A. Martin, Oxford Concise Medical Dictionary 6th ed., 2003 (ISBN 0-19-860753-9)
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities of ethanol extracts of selected traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.
- Zhang L, Ravipati AS, Koyyalamudi SR, Jeong SC, Reddy N, Bartlett J, Smith PT, de la Cruz M, Monteiro MC, Melguizo A, Jiménez E, Vicente F.SourceSchool of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 1797, Australia.
- Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine.Asian Pac J Trop Med.2013 Sep;6(9):673-81. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60117-0.
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activities of selected 58 ethno-medicinal plant extracts with a view to assess their therapeutic potential.METHODS: A total of 58 traditional Chinese medicinal plants were carefully selected based on the literature review and their traditional use. The a
- PMID 23827142
- Non hemolytic short peptidomimetics as a new class of potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.
- Murugan RN, Jacob B, Kim EH, Ahn M, Sohn H, Seo JH, Cheong C, Hyun JK, Lee KS, Shin SY, Bang JK.SourceDivision of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
- Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2013 Aug 15;23(16):4633-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.016. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
- Since the bacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing rapidly, numerous studies have contributed to the design and synthesis of potent synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In an attempt to find the pharmacophore of short antimicrobial peptidomimetics through systematic tuning of
- PMID 23816372
Japanese Journal
- 高齢者肺炎入院患者における予後規定因子の検討―入院治療による介護度の変化を中心に―
- 宮城島 慶,松井 敏史,小原 聡将 [他],三ツ間 小百合,田中 政道,輪千 督高,小林 義雄,長谷川 浩,神﨑 恒一
- 日本老年医学会雑誌 52(3), 260-268, 2015
- 目的:2011年に提唱された医療・介護関連肺炎(NHCAP)ガイドラインに従い高齢者肺炎の治療を行い,入院前後の介護度悪化にかかる予後規定因子を検討した.方法:2012年4月から2013年3月にかけて杏林大学付属病院高齢診療科で肺炎の治療を行った112名(平均年齢:86.8±5.5歳,男/女:72/40名)を対象に,退院後にNHCAPガイドラインに従い,市中肺炎(CAP)(29名)とNHCAP(8 …
- NAID 130005093067
- 劇症型敗血症の経過を辿った開腹胆嚢摘出術後のAeromonas <I>sobria</I>の1例
- 河毛 利顕,菅原 由至
- 日本臨床外科学会雑誌 76(1), 110-116, 2015
- 開腹胆嚢摘出術後に急激な経過を呈したAeromonas <I>sobria</I>感染の1例を経験したので報告する.症例は66歳,男性.落下結石性胆管炎に対して内視鏡的乳頭筋切開(EST)術を施行し,再発予防のため胆嚢摘出の適応となった.術中,胆汁滲出による軽度の汚染があったが,通常通り術野を洗浄し終了した.術後35時間頃突然,ショック状態となった.CTで創部の筋層・皮下に …
- NAID 130005090902
- 集学的治療によって軽快した慢性肺アスペルギルス症の1例
- 小貫 琢哉,倉持 雅己,稲垣 雅春
- 日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 29(5), 650-656, 2015
- 症例は54歳男性,陳旧性心筋梗塞,肺気腫,肝障害の既往がある.前医で左肺化膿症と診断され,約1ヵ月間に渡り多種の抗生剤投与を受けた.転院時には左肺上葉が荒蕪化していた.慢性肺アスペルギルス症が疑われたが,確定診断には至らなかった.術前に気管支動脈と胸壁からの異常動脈を塞栓し,後側方切開第5肋間開胸にて左上葉切除術を行った.胸壁と左上葉との間に強固な癒着が存在したが,その切離での出血はごく少量であっ …
- NAID 130005090322
Related Links
- Broad Spectrum Antibiotic is an antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of infectious microorganisms. Broad Spectrum Antibiotics are used in super infections where there are multiple types of bacteria causing illness.
- antibiotic [an″te-, an″ti-bi-ot´ik] 1. destructive of life. 2. a chemical substance produced by a microorganism that has the capacity, in dilute solutions, to kill other microorganisms or inhibit their growth. Antibiotics that are sufficiently ...
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