bone tumor

骨腫瘍

WordNet

1. remove the bones from; "bone the turkey before roasting it" (同)debone
2. the porous calcified substance from which bones are made (同)osseous_tissue
3. consisting of or made up of bone; "a bony substance"; "the bony framework of the body"
4. a shade of white the color of bleached bones (同)ivory, pearl, off-white
5. rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates (同)os
6. having bones as specified; "his lanky long-boned body"
7. having had the bones removed; "a boneless rib roast"; "a boned (or deboned) fish" (同)deboned
8. a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance (同)castanets, clappers, finger cymbals
9. an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose (同)tumour, neoplasm

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉骨 / 〈U〉骨を作っている物質,骨質 / 《複数形で》骨格;死骸(がい) / 〈魚など〉‘の'骨を取る
2. (魚など)骨を取り除いた / (衣服が)(コルセットなどで)骨で張りをつけた[ような]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/18 00:11:55」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Bone tumor
Micrograph of an osteosarcoma, a malignant primary bone tumor.
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Oncology
ICD-10	C40-C41
ICD-9-CM	170.9
MedlinePlus	001230
MeSH	D001859

A bone tumor, (also spelled bone tumour), is a neoplastic growth of tissue in bone. Abnormal growths found in the bone can be either benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Average five year survival in the United States after being diagnosed with bone and joint cancer is 67%.

Classification

X-ray of a giant cell bone tumor in the head of the 4th metacarpal of the left hand.

An arm bone tumor

Bone tumors may be classified as "primary tumors", which originate in bone or from bone-derived cells and tissues, and "secondary tumors" which originate in other sites and spread (metastasize) to the skeleton. Carcinomas of the prostate, breasts, lungs, thyroid, and kidneys are the carcinomas that most commonly metastasize to bone. Secondary malignant bone tumors are estimated to be 50 to 100 times as common as primary bone cancers.

Primary bone tumors

Primary tumors of bone can be divided into benign tumors and cancers. Common benign bone tumors may be neoplastic, developmental, traumatic, infectious, or inflammatory in etiology. Some benign tumors are not true neoplasms, but rather, represent hamartomas, namely the osteochondroma. The most common locations for many primary tumors, both benign and malignant include the distal femur and proximal tibia (around the knee joint).

Examples of benign bone tumors include osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteochondroma, osteoblastoma, enchondroma, giant cell tumor of bone, aneurysmal bone cyst, and fibrous dysplasia of bone.

Malignant primary bone tumors include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and other types.

While malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) - now generally called "pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma" - primary in bone is known to occur occasionally, current paradigms tend to consider MFH a "wastebasket" diagnosis, and the current trend is toward using specialized studies (i.e. genetic and immunohistochemical tests) to classify these undifferentiated tumors into other tumor classes. Multiple myeloma is a hematologic cancer, originating in the bone marrow, which also frequently presents as one or more bone lesions.

Germ cell tumors, including teratoma, often present and originate in the midline of the sacrum, coccyx, or both. These sacrococcygeal teratomas are often relatively amenable to treatment.

• Stage 1A bone cancer

• Stage 1B bone cancer

• Stage 2A bone cancer

• Stage 2B bone cancer

• Stage 3 bone cancer

Secondary bone tumors

Since, by definition, benign bone tumors do not metastasize, all secondary bone tumors are metastatic lesions which have spread from other organs, most commonly carcinomas of the breast, lung, and prostate.

Reliable and valid statistics on the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of malignant bone tumors are difficult to come by, particularly in the oldest (those over 75 years of age), because carcinomas that are widely metastatic to bone are rarely ever curable, biopsies to determine the origin of the tumor in cases like this are rarely done.

Symptoms

See also: Cancer pain

The most common symptom of bone tumors is pain, which will gradually increase over time. A person may go weeks, months, and sometimes years before seeking help; the pain increases with the growth of the tumor. Additional symptoms may include fatigue, fever, weight loss, anemia, and/or unexplained bone fractures. Many patients will not experience any symptoms, except for a painless mass. Some bone tumors may weaken the structure of the bone, causing pathologic fractures.

Treatment

Treatment of bone tumors is highly dependent on the type of tumor.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective in some tumors (such as Ewing's sarcoma) but less so in others (such as chondrosarcoma). There are a variety of chemotherapy treatment protocols for bone tumors. The protocol with the best reported survival in children and adults is an intra-arterial protocol where tumor response is tracked by serial arteriogram. When tumor response has reached >90% necrosis surgical intervention is planned.

Medication

One of the major concerns is bone density and bone loss. Non-hormonal bisphosphonates increase bone strength and are available as once-a-week prescription pills. Metastron also known as strontium-89 chloride is an intravenous medication given to help with the pain and can be given in three month intervals. Generic Strontium Chloride Sr-89 Injection UPS, manufactured by Bio-Nucleonics Inc., it is the generic version of Metastron. Astra zantec is currently under review as to the benefits in bone cancer.

Surgical treatment

Main article: Amputation

Treatment for some bone cancers may involve surgery, such as limb amputation, or limb sparing surgery (often in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy). Limb sparing surgery, or limb salvage surgery, means the limb is spared from amputation. Instead of amputation, the affected bone is removed and replaced in one of two ways: (a) bone graft, in which bone is taken from elsewhere on the body or (b) artificial bone is put in. In upper leg surgeries, limb salvage prostheses are available.

The other surgery is called Van Nes rotation or rotationplasty which is a form of amputation, in which the patient's foot is turned upwards in a 180 degree turn and the upturned foot is used as a knee.

Types of amputation:

Leg

• Below knee
• Above knee
• Symes
• Hip disarticulation
• Hemipelvectomy or hindquarter, in which the whole leg is removed with one half of the pelvis

Arm

• Below elbow
• Above elbow
• Shoulder disarticulation
• Forequarter (amputation of the whole arm, along with the shoulder blade and the clavicle)

The most radical of amputations is hemicorporectomy (translumbar or waist amputation) which removes the legs, the pelvis, urinary system, excretory system and the genital area (penis/testes in males and vagina/vulva in females). This operation is done in two stages. First stage is doing the colostomy and the urinary conduit, the second stage is the amputation. This is a mutilating operation and is only done as a last resort (e.g. when even pelvic exenteration doesn't work or in cases of advanced pelvic/reproductive cancers)

Prognosis

The outlook depends on the type of tumor. The outcome is expected to be good for people with noncancerous (benign) tumors, although some types of benign tumors may eventually become cancerous (malignant). With malignant bone tumors that have not spread, most patients achieve a cure, but the cure rate depends on the type of cancer, location, size, and other factors.

See also

• Bone scintigraphy

References

External links

• UK bone cancer statistics from Cancer Research UK
• UMDNJ Basic pathology concepts in diagnosis of bone tumors
• Cancer.Net: Bone Cancer

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 骨腫瘍：診断および生検法 bone tumors diagnosis and biopsy techniques
• 2. 小児および思春期における良性骨腫瘍の概要 overview of benign bone tumors in children and adolescents
• 3. 骨肉腫：疫学、病因、臨床症状、診断、および組織学的検査 osteosarcoma epidemiology pathogenesis clinical presentation diagnosis and histology
• 4. 骨の巨大細胞腫瘍 giant cell tumor of bone
• 5. 小児における跛行の原因に関する概要 overview of the causes of limp in children

English Journal

• Eriodictyol Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Function Via Inhibition of NFATc1 Activity.

• Song F1,2,3, Zhou L2, Zhao J1,4, Liu Q1,4, Yang M2, Tan R5, Xu J6, Zhang G7, Quinn JM8, Tickner J2, Huang Y1,9, Xu J1,2.
• Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2016 Sep;231(9):1983-93. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25304. Epub 2016 Feb 2.
• Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) induces differentiation and function of osteoclasts through triggering multiple signaling cascades, including NF-κB, MAPK, and Ca(2+) -dependent signals, which induce and activate critical transcription factor NFATc1. Targeting these signa
• PMID 26754483

• Liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor: A series of 9 cases and review of the literature.

• Regado ER1, Garcia PB1, Caruso AC1, de Almeida AL1, Aymoré IL1, Meohas W1, Aguiar DP1.
• Journal of orthopaedics.J Orthop.2016 Mar 26;13(3):136-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2016.03.003. eCollection 2016.
• BACKGROUND: Liposclerosing myxofibrous primary bone tumor is a rare benign bone lesion that was characterized by complex mixture of various histological elements.METHODS: We have studied the radiological, clinical and pathological features of nine patients with this disorder. Pain and limping were t
• PMID 27222619

• Temporal bone chondroblastoma totally invisible on MRI.

• Hiraumi H1, Arakawa Y2, Yamamoto N3, Sakamoto T3, Ito J3.
• Auris, nasus, larynx.Auris Nasus Larynx.2016 Aug;43(4):468-71. doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2015.12.005. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
• We report a case of temporal bone chondroblastoma that was totally invisible on MRI. The patient was a 64-year-old man who presented with several months history of vertigo. The CT scan with bone window setting showed destruction of the temporomandibular joint, the floor of the middle cranial fossa,
• PMID 26743837

Japanese Journal

• Giant-cell Tumor of the Patella

• Yoshida Yukihiro,Kojima Toshio,Taniguchi Masashi,Osaka Shunzo,Tokuhashi Yasuaki
• Acta Medica Okayama 66(1), 73-76, 2012-02
• … We report a 38-year old man with a giant-cell tumor in a rare site, the patella. … According to a survey by the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Committee of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, of more than 2,126 giant-cell tumors of bone reported since 1972, only 22 were primary patellar neoplasms. … Though anterior knee pain has numerous and varied causes, it is necessary to consider patellar bone tumors in the differential diagnosis. …
• NAID 120003850611

• Paraarticular osteochondroma of a cervico-thoracic facet joint presenting as myelopathy.

• Okamoto Takeshi,Neo Masashi,Fujibayashi Shunsuke,Takemoto Mitsuru,Nakamura Takashi
• Skeletal radiology 40(12), 1629-1632, 2011-12
• … Paraarticular ostehochondroma is a rare osteocartilagenous tumor that arises in the soft tissue adjacent to a joint with no attachment to the bone. … Although several case reports have been published on this tumor, spinal paraarticular osteochondroma has not been reported in the literature. …
• NAID 120003573892

Related Links

• Bone Tumor.org

Welcome to bonetumor.org, the web's most comprehensive source for bone tumor information - now available in Spanish!

• Bone tumorとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

A bone tumor, (also spelled bone tumour), is a neoplastic growth of tissue in bone. Abnormal growths found in the bone can be either benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). A bone lytic lesion (often just lytic lesion) is an ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「骨腫瘍」
関連記事	「tumor」「bone」

「骨腫瘍」

　　[★]

英

bone tumor, bone tumors

ラ

tumores ossium

関

疫学

• 全骨腫瘍の中で転移性骨腫瘍が最も高い。
• 原発性骨腫瘍では、骨軟骨腫、軟骨腫の順に多い
• 原発性悪性骨腫瘍では骨肉腫、軟骨肉腫、骨髄腫、ユーイング肉腫、悪性線維性組織球腫の順に多い。

分類

X線像による分類

SOR.306

	良性	悪性
腫瘍骨産生型	骨腫 類骨骨腫 骨芽細胞腫 骨形成性線維腫 線維性骨異形成	骨肉腫 傍骨性骨肉腫 骨膜性骨肉腫
腫瘍軟骨産生型	内軟骨腫 骨軟骨腫 軟骨芽細胞腫	軟骨肉腫
その他	非骨化性線維腫 孤立性骨嚢腫 血管腫	線維肉腫 悪性線維性組織球腫 血管肉腫 ユーイング肉腫 悪性リンパ腫

年齢による分類

• 5-10歳：(腫瘍類似疾患)ランゲルハンス細胞組織球症
• 10-20歳：(良性)骨軟骨腫、類骨骨腫、内軟骨腫。(悪性)骨肉腫、ユーイング肉腫。(腫瘍類似疾患)骨嚢腫
• 20-30歳：(良性)巨細胞腫。(悪性)骨線維肉腫。
• 30-50歳：(悪性)軟骨肉腫、脊索腫
• 50歳-：骨髄腫

「tumor」

　　[★]

• n.

• 腫瘍、腫瘤、腫脹

　

「bone」

　　[★] 骨