WordNet

used to signify the Union forces in the American Civil War (who wore blue uniforms); "a ragged blue line"
blue color or pigment; resembling the color of the clear sky in the daytime; "he had eyes of bright blue" (同)blueness
any of numerous small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae
blue clothing; "she was wearing blue"
any organization or party whose uniforms or badges are blue; "the Union army was a vast blue"
of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky; "Octobers bright blue weather"- Helen Hunt Jackson; "a blue flame"; "blue haze of tobacco smoke" (同)bluish, blueish
causing dejection; "a blue day"; "the dark days of the war"; "a week of rainy depressing weather"; "a disconsolate winter landscape"; "the first dismal dispiriting days of November"; "a dark gloomy day"; "grim rainy weather" (同)dark, dingy, disconsolate, dismal, gloomy, grim, sorry, drab, drear, dreary
suggestive of sexual impropriety; "a blue movie"; "blue jokes"; "he skips asterisks and gives you the gamy details"; "a juicy scandal"; "a naughty wink"; "naughty words"; "racy anecdotes"; "a risque story"; "spicy gossip" (同)gamy, gamey, juicy, naughty, racy, risque, spicy
morally rigorous and strict; "the puritan work ethic"; "puritanic distaste for alcohol"; "she was anything but puritanical in her behavior" (同)puritanic, puritanical
turn blue
large fatty herring lightly salted and briefly smoked
a state of depression; "he had a bad case of the blues" (同)blue devils, megrims, vapors, vapours
a type of folksong that originated among Black Americans at the beginning of the 20th century; has a melancholy sound from repeated use of blue notes
a process that makes something blue (or bluish) (同)blueing
used to whiten laundry or hair or give it a bluish tinge (同)blueing, blue

PrepTutorEJDIC

『青い』,あい色の / 青黒い / 《話》陰気な,憂うつな / 〈U〉『青色』,あい色;青色の着物 / 〈U〉〈C〉青色絵の具,あい色染料 / 《the~》《詩》青空,青い海 / 《the blues》《話》気のふさぎ,うれいの色 / 《the blues》《ときに単数扱い》(ジャズ音楽の)ブルース / …'を'青色にする
くん製ニシン
= bluing

UpToDate Contents

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1. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）：定義、臨床症状、診断、および病期分類 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease definition clinical manifestations diagnosis and staging
2. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）の増悪における感染のマネージメント management of infection in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3. 成人における急性気管支炎 acute bronchitis in adults
4. 成人における亜急性および慢性咳嗽の評価 evaluation of subacute and chronic cough in adults
5. 安定した慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）のマネージメント management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

English Journal

Non-emphysematous chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with diabetes mellitus.

Hersh CP, Make BJ, Lynch DA, Barr RG, Bowler RP, Calverley PM, Castaldi PJ, Cho MH, Coxson HO, DeMeo DL, Foreman MG, Han MK, Harshfield BJ, Hokanson JE, Lutz S, Ramsdell JW, Regan EA, Rennard SI, Schroeder JD, Sciurba FC, Steiner RM, Tal-Singer R, van Beek E Jr, Silverman EK, Crapo JD; COPDGene and ECLIPSE Investigators.
BMC pulmonary medicine.BMC Pulm Med.2014 Oct 24;14:164. doi: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-164.
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been classically divided into blue bloaters and pink puffers. The utility of these clinical subtypes is unclear. However, the broader distinction between airway-predominant and emphysema-predominant COPD may be clinically relevant. The obj
PMID 25341556

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overview: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical presentation.

Soriano JB1, Rodríguez-Roisin R.
Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society.Proc Am Thorac Soc.2011 Aug;8(4):363-7. doi: 10.1513/pats.201102-017RM.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been a major public health problem during the 20th century, and will remain a challenge for the foreseeable future. Worldwide, COPD is in the spotlight, because its high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality create formidable challenges for healthcare
PMID 21816993

Characterisation of phenotypes based on severity of emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Makita H1, Nasuhara Y, Nagai K, Ito Y, Hasegawa M, Betsuyaku T, Onodera Y, Hizawa N, Nishimura M; Hokkaido COPD Cohort Study Group.
Thorax.Thorax.2007 Nov;62(11):932-7. Epub 2007 Jun 15.
BACKGROUND: Airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by a mixture of small airway disease and emphysema, the relative contributions of which may vary among patients. Phenotypes of COPD classified purely based on severity of emphysema are not well defined and may b
PMID 17573447