WordNet

the spatial property of being crowded together (同)density, denseness, tightness, compactness
bringing together military forces
strengthening the concentration (as of a solute in a mixture) by removing diluting material
the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume
complete attention; intense mental effort (同)engrossment, absorption, immersion
increase in density
smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…への)(光線・注意などの)集中;(仕事などへの)専念,専心《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(人口などの)集中 / 〈U〉濃縮;〈液体の〉濃度
『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
純血の,純種の / 《複合語を作って》「…の血(性質)を持った」の意を表す

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胎児の採血 fetal blood sampling
2. 輸血への赤血球使用 use of red blood cells for transfusion
3. 成人における赤血球輸血の適応とヘモグロビン閾値 indications and hemoglobin thresholds for red blood cell transfusion in the adult
4. 重症患者における血液製剤の使用 use of blood products in the critically ill
5. 自動血液分析装置 automated hematology instrumentation

English Journal

Development and evaluation of oral osmotic pump of butorphanol tartrate.

Shah B1, Raichandani Y, Misra A.Author information 1Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, TIFAC Centre of Relevance and Excellence in NDDS, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara , India.AbstractButorphanol is potent analgesic useful in pain management. However, because of high first-pass metabolism butorphanol is not available in market as oral dosage form. Drugs that undergo extensive first-pass metabolism can be delivered orally if protected in the stomach, and proximal small intestine. An oral controlled porosity osmotic pump (CPOP) was designed to deliver butorphanol tartrate that can maintain therapeutic blood concentration up to 24 h. The target release profile for extended release formulation was calculated by Wagner Nelson de-convolution using published immediate release blood concentration data for oral route. Composition of the core and coating were optimized using USFDA approved ingredients by evaluation of the drug release. Drug release from the developed system was inversely proportional to the weight gain and directly related to the level of pore former. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of pores in the coating membrane on contact with water which lead to drug to release. Kinetic models were applied to drug release data to establish the drug release mechanism. The developed osmotic system effectively delivers selected drug at a predetermined rate for extended period.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Nov;19(7):868-80. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.836223. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
Butorphanol is potent analgesic useful in pain management. However, because of high first-pass metabolism butorphanol is not available in market as oral dosage form. Drugs that undergo extensive first-pass metabolism can be delivered orally if protected in the stomach, and proximal small intestine.
PMID 24079361

Natural products from cyanobacteria with antimicrobial and antitumor activity.

Silva-Stenico ME, Kaneno R, Zambuzi FA, Vaz MG, Alvarenga DO, Fiore MF1.Author information 1University of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Molecular Ecology of Cyanobacteria Laboratory, 13400-970, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil. fiore@cena.usp.br.AbstractCyanobacteria are an important source of structurally bioactive metabolites, with cytotoxic, antiviral, anticancer, antimitotic, antimicrobial, specific enzyme inhibition and immunosuppressive activities. This study focused on the antitumor and antimicrobial activities of intra and extracellular cyanobacterial extracts. A total of 411 cyanobacterial strains were screened for antimicrobial activity using a subset of pathogenic bacteria as target. The in vitro antitumor assays were performed with extracts of 24 strains tested against two murine cancer cell lines (colon carcinoma CT-26 and lung cancer 3LL). Intracellular extracts inhibited 49 and 35% of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacterial growth, respectively. Furthermore, the methanolic intracellular extract of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii CYP011K and Nostoc sp. CENA69 showed inhibitory activity against the cancer cell lines. The extracellular extract from Fischerella sp. CENA213 and M. aeruginosa NPJB-1 exhibited inhibitory activity against 3LL lung cancer cells at 0.8 µg ml⁻¹ and Oxynema sp. CENA135, Cyanobium sp. CENA154, M. aeruginosa NPJB-1 and M. aeruginosa NPLJ-4 presented inhibitory activity against CT26 colon cancer cells at 0.8 µg ml⁻¹. Other extracts were able to inhibit 3LL cell-growth at higher concentrations (20 µg ml⁻¹) such as Nostoc sp. CENA67, Cyanobium sp. CENA154 and M. aeruginosa NPLJ-4, while CT26 cells were inhibited at the same concentration by Nostoc sp. CENA67 and Fischerella sp. CENA213. These extracts presented very low inhibitory activity on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results showed that some cyanobacterial strains are a rich source of natural products with potential for pharmacological and biotechnological applications.
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology.Curr Pharm Biotechnol.2014 Oct;14(9):820-8.
Cyanobacteria are an important source of structurally bioactive metabolites, with cytotoxic, antiviral, anticancer, antimitotic, antimicrobial, specific enzyme inhibition and immunosuppressive activities. This study focused on the antitumor and antimicrobial activities of intra and extracellular cya
PMID 24372264

The effect of different alcoholic beverages on blood alcohol levels, plasma insulin and plasma glucose in humans.

Nogueira LC1, Couri S2, Trugo NF3, Lollo PC4.Author information 1Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Mestrado Profissional em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PCTA), 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address: luciana.nogueira@ifrj.edu.br.2Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Mestrado Profissional em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PCTA), 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.3Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Instituto de Química (IQ), 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.4University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculty of Food Engineering (FEA), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.AbstractIn the present work we studied the effects of four alcoholic beverages on blood alcohol levels, plasma insulin concentrations and plasma glucose concentrations in men and women. The volunteers were healthy non-smokers and they were divided according to sex into two groups of ten individuals. The alcoholic beverages used in the study were beer, red wine, whisky and "cachaça". In men, ingestion of the distilled drinks promoted a spike in blood alcohol levels more quickly than ingestion of the fermented drinks. In women, beer promoted the lowest blood alcohol levels over the 6h of the experiment. Whisky promoted highest blood alcohol levels in both sexes. The ingestion of wine promoted a significant difference in relation to the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) as a function of gender. The ingestion of cachaça by women produced BAC levels significantly smaller than those obtained for wine.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Sep 1;158:527-33. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.097. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
In the present work we studied the effects of four alcoholic beverages on blood alcohol levels, plasma insulin concentrations and plasma glucose concentrations in men and women. The volunteers were healthy non-smokers and they were divided according to sex into two groups of ten individuals. The alc
PMID 24731379

Japanese Journal

Pre-germinated brown rice prevents high-fat diet induced hyperglycemia through elevated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism pathway in C57BL/6J strain mice

Shen Kuo-Ping,Hao Chi-Long,Yen Hsueh-Wei,Chen Chun-Yen,Wu Bin-Nan,Lin Hui-Li
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2015
… Comparing the SRD and HFD groups, we found the HFD group had higher blood pressure, higher concentrations of blood glucose and HbA1c. … In the HFD + PGBR group, the PGBR could reverse the disorders of blood pressure, blood glucose, HbA1c and increase insulin concentration. …
NAID 130004704981

Association between Maternal Exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Reproductive Hormone Levels in Fetal Blood: The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health

Araki Atsuko,Mitsui Takahiko,Miyashita Chihiro,Nakajima Tamie,Naito Hisao,Ito Sachiko,Sasaki Seiko,Cho Kazutoshi,Ikeno Tamiko,Nonomura Katsuya,Kishi Reiko
PLOS ONE 9(10), e109039, 2014-10
… We aimed to examine the associations between DEHP exposure in utero and reproductive hormone levels in cord blood. … Maternal blood samples were taken from 23–35 weeks of gestation and the concentration of the primary metabolite of DEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), was measured. …
NAID 120005476155

メンデル無作為化解析を用いた統合失調症と血中ホモシステイン濃度との関連の検討(<特集>ビタミンB研究委員会平成25年度シンポジウム「ビタミンB群が担う脳内アミノ酸代謝と疾患をターゲットにした次世代学術研究-ビタミン研究が切り拓く疾患生命科学のフロンティア」)

沼田周助
ビタミン 88(8), 413-418, 2014-08-25
… Previous meta-analyses of studies on the association between blood homocysteine concentration and schizophrenia suggest that elevated blood homocysteine concentration is a risk factor for schizophrenia. … Therefore, we used this Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the association between blood homocysteine concentration and schizophrenia. …
NAID 110009843777