血液脳脊髄液関門、血液髄液関門

WordNet

subject to change; variable; "a fluid situation fraught with uncertainty"; "everything was unstable following the coup" (同)unstable
a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas
in cash or easily convertible to cash; "liquid (or fluid) assets" (同)liquid
affording change (especially in social status); "Britain is not a truly fluid society"; "upwardly mobile" (同)mobile
characteristic of a fluid; capable of flowing and easily changing shape (同)runny
smear with blood, as in a hunting initiation rite, where the face of a person is smeared with the blood of the kill
temperament or disposition; "a person of hot blood"
people viewed as members of a group; "we need more young blood in this organization"
the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells, and platelets; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries away waste products"; "the ancients believed that blood was the sea
a structure or object that impedes free movement
any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective; "intolerance is a barrier to understanding" (同)roadblock
anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access
of or relating to the brain and spinal cord; "cerebrospinal fluid"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『流体』,流動体 / 『流動性の』,流動する / 流体の,流動体から成る / 変わりやすい,固定していない,浮動する
『血』,『血』液 / 流血(bloodshed);殺人 / 気質,気性,血気,血潮 / 『血統』,血縁(kinship);生まれ,家柄;《the~》王家の血統 / (人種・出身国の)系 / 〈人〉‘に'初めての経験をさせる / 〈猟犬〉‘に'初めて獲物を血を味わわせる
(通行をはばむ)『さく』,『障壁』;関門;《ふざけて》改札口 / (…の)『難関』,障害《+『to』+『名』》
純血の,純種の / 《複合語を作って》「…の血(性質)を持った」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/16 20:23:45」(JST)

wiki en

The choroid plexus is a plexus of cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. The choroid plexus consists of modified ependymal cells.

Structure

Location

There are four choroid plexuses in the brain, one in each of the ventricles.

Choroid plexus is present in all components of the ventricular system except for the cerebral aqueduct, frontal horn of the lateral ventricle,^[1] and occipital horn of the lateral ventricle.^[1]

Choroid plexus

Choroid plexus is found in the superior part of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles. It follows up along this boundary, continuous with the inferior of the body of the lateral ventricles. It passes into the interventricular foramen, and is present at the top of the third ventricle.

There is also choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle, in the section closest to the bottom half of the cerebellum.

Microanatomy

The choroid plexus consists of a layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue. The epithelium of the choroid plexus is continuous with the ependymal cell layer that lines the ventricles, but unlike the ependyma, the epithelial layer has tight junctions^[2] between the cells on the side facing the ventricle (apical surface). These tight junctions prevent the majority of substances from crossing the cell layer into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); thus the choroid plexus acts as a blood–CSF barrier. The choroid plexus folds into many villi around each capillary, creating frond-like processes that project into the ventricles. The villi, along with a brush border of microvilli, greatly increases the surface area of the choroid plexus.^{[citation needed]} CSF is formed as plasma is filtered from the blood through the epithelial cells. Choroid plexus epithelial cells actively transport sodium ions into the ventricles and water follows the resulting osmotic gradient.^[3]

The choroid plexus consists of many capillaries, separated from the ventricles by choroid epithelial cells. Fluid filters through these cells from blood to become cerebrospinal fluid. There is also much active transport of substances into, and out of, the CSF as it is made.

Function

In addition to CSF production, the choroid plexus act as a filtration system, removing metabolic waste, foreign substances, and excess neurotransmitters from the CSF. In this way the choroid plexus has a very important role in helping to maintain the delicate extracellular environment required by the brain to function optimally.

The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier is a pair of barriers that separates peripheral and cerebral blood flow from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF);^[4] it is composed of epithelial cells of the choroid plexus at the peripheral blood–CSF boundary and the arachnoid membrane at the cerebral blood–CSF boundary.^[4] The blood–CSF barrier serves the same purpose as the blood–brain barrier, but facilitates the transport of different substances into the brain due to the distinct structural characteristics between the two barrier systems.^[4]

Clinical significance

Choroid plexus cysts

During embryological development, some fetuses may form choroid plexus cysts. These fluid-filled cysts can be detected by a detailed second trimester ultrasound. The finding is relatively common, with a prevalence of ~1%. Choroid plexus cysts are usually an isolated finding.^[5] The cysts typically disappear later during pregnancy, and are usually harmless. They have no effect on infant and early childhood development.^[6]

Cysts confers a 1% risk of fetal aneuploidy. The risk of aneuploidy increases to 10.5-12% if other risk factors or ultrasound findings are noted. Size, location, disappearance or progression, and whether the cysts are found on both sides or not do not affect the risk of aneuploidy. 44-50% of Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) cases will present with choroid plexus cysts, as well 1.4% of Down syndrome (trisomy 21) cases. ~75% of abnormal karyotypes associated with choroid plexus systs are trisomy 18, while the remainder are trisomy 21.^[5]

Other

There are three graded types of choroid plexus tumor that mainly affect young children. These malignant neoplasms are rare.

Etymology

Choroid plexus translates from the Latin plexus chorioides,^[7] which mirrors Ancient Greek χοριοειδές πλέγμα.^[8] The word chorion was used by Galen to refer to the outer membrane enclosing the fetus. Both meanings of the word plexus are given as pleating, or braiding.^[8] As often happens language changes and the use of both choroid or chorioid is both accepted. Nomina Anatomica (now Terminologia Anatomica) reflected this dual usage.

Additional images

Coronal section of inferior horn of lateral ventricle.
Choroid Plexus Histology 40x
Choroid plexus
Choroid plexus

References

^ ^a ^b Young, Paul A. (2007). Basic clinical neuroscience (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 292. ISBN 0-7817-5319-8.
^ Hall, John (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology (12th ed. ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders/Elsevier. p. 749. ISBN 978-1-4160-4574-8. CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
^ Guyton, Arthur C.; Hall, John Edward (2005). Textbook of medical physiology (11th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 764–7. ISBN 978-0-7216-0240-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c Laterra J, Keep R, Betz LA, et al. (1999). "Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier". Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects. (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
^ ^a ^b Drugan et al., 2000, American Journal of Medical Genetics
^ Digiovanni et al., 1997, Obstetrics and Gynecology
^ Suzuki, S., Katsumata, T., Ura, R. Fujita, T., Niizima, M. & Suzuki, H. (1936). Über die Nomina Anatomica Nova. Folia Anatomica Japonica, 14, 507-536.
^ ^a ^b Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Sources

Brodbelt, A; Stoodley, M (Oct 2007). "CSF pathways: a review.". British journal of neurosurgery. 21 (5): 510–20. doi:10.1080/02688690701447420. PMID 17922324.
Strazielle, N; Ghersi-Egea, JF (Jul 2000). "Choroid plexus in the central nervous system: biology and physiopathology.". Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology. 59 (7): 561–74. PMID 10901227.

External links

3-Dimensional images of choroid plexus (marked red)
"Anatomy diagram: 13048.000-3". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01.
MedPix Images of Choroid Plexus
More info at BrainInfo

UpToDate Contents

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Japanese Journal

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… Blood chemistry data showed deficient ceruloplasmin (Cp), decreased copper, and increased ferritin. … Cp would accelerate iron export from the brain via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, or CSF-brain barrier when excessive iron is loaded into the subarachnoid space. …
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… It is important to understand the manner of GSA distribution/elimination from the circulating blood and CSF and its alteration in the presence of renal failure. … The purpose of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of GSA in the circulating blood using a rat model of cisplatin-induced renal failure and GSA transport between the circulating blood and CSF. …
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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「血液脳脊髄液関門」
関連記事	「barrier」「flu」「cerebrospinal」「fluid」「blood」

「血液脳脊髄液関門」

Choroid plexus
	Scheme of roof of fourth ventricle. The arrow is in the foramen of Magendie.; 1: inferior medullary velum; 2: Choroid plexus; 3: Cerebellomedullary cistern of subarachnoid cavity; 4: Central canal; 5: Corpora quadrigemina; 6: Cerebral peduncle; 7: Superior medullary velum; 8: Ependymal lining of ventricle; 9: Pontine cistern of subarachnoid cavity
	Coronal section of lateral and third ventricles.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Plexus choroideus
MeSH	A08.186.211.276.298
NeuroNames	ancil-456
NeuroLex ID	Choroid plexus
TA	A14.1.09.279; A14.1.01.307; A14.1.01.306; A14.1.01.304; A14.1.05.715
FMA	61934
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]