WordNet

line of descent traced through both the maternal and paternal sides of the family
the kinship relation between an individual and the individuals progenitors (同)line of descent, lineage, filiation
the act of changing your location in a downward direction
a downward slope or bend (同)declivity, fall, decline, declination, declension, downslope
a movement downward
affecting or undertaken by two parties; "a bilateral agreement between the United States and Japan"
having identical parts on each side of an axis (同)isobilateral, bilaterally symmetrical, bilaterally symmetric
having two sides or parts (同)two-sided

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉『降下』 / 〈C〉『下り坂』,下り傾斜 / 〈U〉『家系』,血統,家柄 / 〈C〉急襲,不意の訪問
両側のある,左右同形の / 双方の,二派の / (おもに法律で)相互に義務を負う,双務的な

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/08/31 06:54:20」(JST)

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The Himba of Namibia live under a tribal structure based on bilateral descent.

Bilateral descent is a system of family lineage in which the relatives on the mother's side and father's side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth. It is a family arrangement where descent and inheritance are passed equally through both parents.^[1] Families who use this system trace descent through both parents simultaneously and recognize multiple ancestors, but unlike with cognatic descent it is not used to form descent groups.^[2]

While bilateral descent is increasingly the norm in Western culture, traditionally it is only found among relatively few groups in West Africa, India, Australia, Indonesia, Melanesia, Malaysia and Polynesia. Anthropologists believe that a tribal structure based on bilateral descent helps members live in extreme environments because it allows individuals to rely on two sets of families dispersed over a wide area.^[3]

Under bilateral descent, every tribe member belongs to two clans, one through the father (a patriclan) and another through the mother (a matriclan). For example, among the Himba, clans are led by the eldest male in the clan. Sons live with their father's clan and when daughters marry they go to live with the clan of their husband. However inheritance of wealth does not follow the patriclan but is determined by the matriclan i.e. a son does not inherit his father's cattle but his maternal uncle's instead.^[3]

Javanese people, the largest ethnic group in Indonesia, also adopt a bilateral kinship system .^[4]^[5]

The Urapmin people, a small tribe in Papua New Guinea, have a system of kinship classes known as tanum miit. The classes are inherited bilaterally from both parents. Since they also practice strict endogamy, most Urapmin belong to all of the major classes, creating great fluidity and doing little to differentiate individuals.^[6]

References

^ Shepard, Jon; Greene, Robert W. (2003). Sociology and You. Ohio: Glencoe McGraw-Hill. pp. A–22. ISBN 0-07-828576-3.
^ Stone, Linda (2006). Kinship and Gender: An Introduction. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp. 168–169. ISBN 978-0-8133-4302-0.
^ ^a ^b Ezzell, Carol (June 2001). "The Himba and the Dam". Scientific American. 284 (6): 80–90. PMID 11396346. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0601-80.
^ Ward, Kathryn B. (1990). Women workers and global restructuring. Cornell University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-87546-162-5.
^ Emmerson, Donald K. (1999). Indonesia beyond Suharto: polity, economy, society, transition. M.E. Sharpe. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-56324-890-0.
^ Robbins, Joel (2004). Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Moral Torment in a Papua New Guinea Society. University of California Press. pp. 191–192. ISBN 0-520-23800-1.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人の多発性硬化症の評価と診断evaluation and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults [show details]
… unlike MS, is more common in people of Asian, Hispanic, and African descent. Hallmark features of NMOSD include acute attacks of bilateral or rapidly sequential optic neuritis (leading to visual loss) and …
2. 両側性横隔膜麻痺の原因および診断causes and diagnosis of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis [show details]
…assisting the next inspiration. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is a severe form of respiratory muscle weakness and needs prompt evaluation and management. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis is usually …
3. 原発性両側副腎皮質大結節性過形成によるクッシング症候群cushings syndrome due to primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia [show details]
…syndrome are three rare types of nodular adrenocortical diseases that are usually bilateral: Corticotropin (ACTH)-dependent bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, secondary to long-term adrenal stimulation …
4. 高地肺水腫high altitude pulmonary edema [show details]
… this process with descent or sometimes simply the administration of oxygen. Pulmonary vascular resistance returns to normal within days after descent to low altitude.… common. Inspiratory crackles may be more prominent in the right middle lobe initially, but become bilateral and diffuse as HAPE progresses. Auscultation of the right middle lobe is best performed at the mid-lateral …
5. 癌の既往はないがBRCA遺伝子変異がある女性の発症リスクとリスク管理cancer risks and management of brca carriers without cancer [show details]
… among 947 individuals of African descent referred for clinical molecular testing for suspicion… salpingectomy is recommended for all carriers who undergo risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (rrBSO).…

English Journal

Adenomas of cervical maldescended parathyroid glands: pearls and pitfalls.

Lee JC1,2, Mazeh H3, Serpell J4, Delbridge LW1,2, Chen H3, Sidhu S1,2.
ANZ journal of surgery.ANZ J Surg.2015 Dec;85(12):957-61. doi: 10.1111/ans.12017. Epub 2012 Dec 10.
BACKGROUND: Missed parathyroid adenoma (PTA) is the commonest cause of persistent hyperparathyroidism. Although many are subsequently found in well-described locations, some are found in unusual regions of the neck. This paper presents the combined experience of three large tertiary endocrine surger
PMID 23216673

Expression analyses of insulin-like peptide 3, RXFP2, LH receptor, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in testes of normal and cryptorchid dogs.

Hannan MA1, Kawate N2, Kubo Y1, Pathirana IN3, Büllesbach EE4, Hatoya S1, Inaba T1, Takahashi M1, Tamada H1.
Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2015 Oct 15;84(7):1176-84. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.021. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) plays a key role in testicular descent in rodents, whereas in domestic animals, many aspects of the roles of INSL3 in reproductive organs after puberty are still unknown. This study was undertaken to (1) determine the quantitative changes of gene expression of testicul
PMID 26220663

Bilateral navicular-medial cuneiform synostosis manifesting as medial foot pain: a case report and review of the literature.

Malone JB1, Raney EM.
Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B.J Pediatr Orthop B.2015 Oct 8. [Epub ahead of print]
Isolated navicular-medial cuneiform tarsal coalition is a rare condition. Very few case reports exist, with limited treatment recommendations. We present a case of an 11-year-old with bilateral isolated osseous navicular-medial cuneiform tarsal coalition. The patient was treated with bilateral coali
PMID 26451692

Japanese Journal

バイラテラル制御を用いた装着型脚支援システム:（段差昇降による有効性の検証）

滝口詠司,鈴木智洋,近藤良,岡田養二,北山文矢
茨城講演会講演論文集 2018.26(0), 504, 2018
… This paper is concerned with the application of bilateral control for the operation of the leg support system for people with hemiplegia. … We have developed a mew control lever driven by two motors for the bilateral control so that the wearer can sense the movement of the leg by hand while walking．Ascent and descent experiments on a step were conducted for an able-bodied subject with a mock prosthesis, which simulates hemiplegia who has no leg and foot sensations. …
NAID 130007637378

フィリピン・ミンダナオ農村部における教育需要の持続性に関する社会経済分析―ジェンダーと教育水準の世代間関係に着目して

岡部正義
アジア研究 63(1), 1-26, 2017
… As a possible background to this finding, this study contemplates roles of nonagricultural sources of rural livelihood and bilateral descent prevailing in the Philippines. …
NAID 130005476068

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Profiles as a Novel Biomarker to Evaluate the Existence of a Functional Cryptorchid Testis in Japanese Black Calves

KITAHARA Go,EL-SHEIKH ALI Hossam,SATO Tomohiro [他],KOBAYASHI ikuo,HEMMI Koichiro,SHIRAO Yuka,KAMIMURA Shunichi
The Journal of reproduction and development 58(3), 310-315, 2012-06-01
… n=19), bilateral castrated calves (Castrated; … the sensitivity and specificity for evaluation of testicular descent into the scrotum were 1.0 for both the AMH and T levels. …
NAID 10030821208

「bilateral」

　　[★]

adj.

- 両側性の、両側の、左右対称の

関: bilaterality、bilaterally、left-right symmetry、two-sided、two-tailed

「descent」

　　[★]

n.

家系、血統、下降、下垂

関: blood line、descend、kindred、lineage、ptosis

[1] Shepard, Jon; Greene, Robert W. (2003). Sociology and You. Ohio: Glencoe McGraw-Hill. pp. A–22. ISBN 0-07-828576-3.

[2] Stone, Linda (2006). Kinship and Gender: An Introduction. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp. 168–169. ISBN 978-0-8133-4302-0.

[scientificamerican2001-3] Ezzell, Carol (June 2001). "The Himba and the Dam". Scientific American. 284 (6): 80–90. PMID 11396346. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0601-80.

[women-4] Ward, Kathryn B. (1990). Women workers and global restructuring. Cornell University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-87546-162-5.

[beyond-5] Emmerson, Donald K. (1999). Indonesia beyond Suharto: polity, economy, society, transition. M.E. Sharpe. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-56324-890-0.

[6] Robbins, Joel (2004). Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Moral Torment in a Papua New Guinea Society. University of California Press. pp. 191–192. ISBN 0-520-23800-1.

v t e Family
History Household Nuclear family Extended family Conjugal family Immediate family Matrifocal family Blended family Dysfunctional family Polyfidelitous families
First-degree relatives	Parent Father Mother Child Daughter Son Sibling Brother Sister
Second-degree relatives	Grandparent Grandchild Aunt Uncle Nephew and niece
Third-degree relatives	Great-grandparent Great-grandchild Cousin
Family-in-law	Spouse Wife Husband Parents-in-law Siblings-in-law
Stepfamily	Stepfather Stepmother Stepchild Stepsibling
Kinship	Adoption Affinity Consanguinity Disownment Divorce Estrangement Fictive kinship Marriage Nurture kinship
Lineage	Bilateral descent Common ancestor Family name Family tree Genealogy Heirloom Heredity Inheritance Matrilineality Patrilineality Pedigree chart Progenitor
Relationships	Agape (parental love) Eros (marital love) Filial piety Philia (friendly love) Storge (familial love)
Holidays	Mother's Day U.S. Father's Day Siblings Day National Grandparents Day Wedding anniversary
Related	Sociology of the family Museum of Motherhood

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案内

bilateral descent