something that people do or cause to happen (同)deed, human action, human_activity
behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself; "You should act like an adult"; "Dont behave like a fool"; "What makes her do this way?"; "The dog acts ferocious, but he is really afraid of people" (同)behave, do
pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind; "He acted the idiot"; "She plays deaf when the news are bad" (同)play, act_as
a legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society or legislative body (同)enactment
a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program; "he did his act three times every evening"; "she had a catchy little routine"; "it was one of the best numbers he ever did" (同)routine, number, turn, bit
a manifestation of insincerity; "he put on quite an act for her benefit"
a subdivision of a play or opera or ballet
discharge ones duties; "She acts as the chair"; "In what capacity are you acting?"
perform an action, or work out or perform (an action); "think before you act"; "We must move quickly"; "The governor should act on the new energy bill"; "The nanny acted quickly by grabbing the toddler and covering him with a wet towel" (同)move
play a role or part; "Gielgud played Hamlet"; "She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role"; "She played the servant to her husbands master" (同)play, represent
perform on a stage or theater; "She acts in this play"; "He acted in `Julius Caesar"; "I played in `A Christmas Carol" (同)play, roleplay, playact
be engaged in an activity, often for no particular purpose other than pleasure
be suitable for theatrical performance; "This scene acts well"
to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse" (同)wager, play
the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet" (同)wager
maintain with or as if with a bet; "I bet she will be there!" (同)wager
second in order of importance; "the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory"
the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; "a beta version"; "beta software"
one of the proteins into which actomyosin can be split; can exist in either a globular or a fibrous form
• RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding • nucleotide binding • nitric-oxide synthase binding • Tat protein binding • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding • structural constituent of cytoskeleton • protein binding • kinesin binding • identical protein binding • nucleosomal DNA binding • ATP binding
• positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic • movement of cell or subcellular component • substantia nigra development • Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis • ephrin receptor signaling pathway • ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling • retina homeostasis • vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway • platelet aggregation • cell junction assembly • cytoskeleton organization • protein deubiquitination • membrane organization
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species
Human
Mouse
Entrez
60
11461
Ensembl
ENSG00000075624
ENSMUSG00000029580
UniProt
P60709
P60710
RefSeq (mRNA)
NM_001101
NM_007393
RefSeq (protein)
NP_001092
NP_031419
Location (UCSC)
Chr 7: 5.53 – 5.56 Mb
Chr 5: 142.9 – 142.91 Mb
PubMed search
[3]
[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
View/Edit Mouse
Beta-actin (human gene and protein symbol ACTB/ACTB) is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified in humans. This is one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins. Actins are highly conserved proteins[5][6] that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.[7]
Contents
1Interactions
2Clinical relevance
3Applications
4References
5External links
6Further reading
7See also
Interactions
Beta-actin has been shown to interact with SPTBN2.[8][9] In addition, RNA-binding protein Sam68 was found to interact with the mRNA encoding β-actin, which regulates the synaptic formation of the dendritic spines with its cytoskeletal components.
Beta-actin has been shown to activate eNOS, thereby increasing NO production. An eight-amino acid residue (326-333) in actin has been shown to mediate the interaction between actin and eNOS[10]
Clinical relevance
Recurrent mutations in this gene have been associated to cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.[11]
Applications
Beta actin is usually used as a loading control, for among others, the integrity of cells, protein degradation, in PCR and Western blotting. Its molecular weight is approximately 42 kDa.
References
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000075624 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029580 - Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:".
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".
^Gunning PW, Ghoshdastider U, Whitaker S, Popp D, Robinson RC (Jun 2015). "The evolution of compositionally and functionally distinct actin filaments". Journal of Cell Science. 128 (11): 2009–2019. doi:10.1242/jcs.165563. PMID 25788699.
^Hanukoglu I, Tanese N, Fuchs E (Feb 1983). "Complementary DNA sequence of a human cytoplasmic actin. Interspecies divergence of 3' non-coding regions". Journal of Molecular Biology. 163 (4): 673–8. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(83)90117-1. PMID 6842590.
^"Entrez Gene: ACTB actin, beta".
^Mao B, Wu W, Li Y, Hoppe D, Stannek P, Glinka A, Niehrs C (May 2001). "LDL-receptor-related protein 6 is a receptor for Dickkopf proteins". Nature. 411 (6835): 321–5. doi:10.1038/35077108. PMID 11357136.
^Holleran EA, Ligon LA, Tokito M, Stankewich MC, Morrow JS, Holzbaur EL (Sep 2001). "beta III spectrin binds to the Arp1 subunit of dynactin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (39): 36598–605. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104838200. PMID 11461920.
^Kondrikov D, Fonseca FV, Elms S, Fulton D, Black SM, Block ER, Su Y (Feb 2010). "Beta-actin association with endothelial nitric-oxide synthase modulates nitric oxide and superoxide generation from the enzyme". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (7): 4319–27. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.063172. PMC 2836036. PMID 19946124.
^Lohr JG, Stojanov P, Lawrence MS, Auclair D, Chapuy B, Sougnez C, Cruz-Gordillo P, Knoechel B, Asmann YW, Slager SL, Novak AJ, Dogan A, Ansell SM, Link BK, Zou L, Gould J, Saksena G, Stransky N, Rangel-Escareño C, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Melendez-Zajgla J, Hernández-Lemus E, Schwarz-Cruz y Celis A, Imaz-Rosshandler I, Ojesina AI, Jung J, Pedamallu CS, Lander ES, Habermann TM, Cerhan JR, Shipp MA, Getz G, Golub TR (Mar 2012). "Discovery and prioritization of somatic mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by whole-exome sequencing". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (10): 3879–84. doi:10.1073/pnas.1121343109. PMC 3309757. PMID 22343534.
External links
Human ACTB genome location and ACTB gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
Vandekerckhove J, Leavitt J, Kakunaga T, Weber K (1980). "Coexpression of a mutant beta-actin and the two normal beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic actins in a stably transformed human cell line". Cell. 22 (3): 893–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(80)90566-8. PMID 6893954.
Leavitt J, Gunning P, Porreca P, Ng SY, Lin CS, Kedes L (1984). "Molecular cloning and characterization of mutant and wild-type human beta-actin genes". Mol Cell Biology. 4 (10): 1961–9. doi:10.1128/mcb.4.10.1961. PMC 369012. PMID 6095033.
Ng SY, Gunning P, Eddy R, Ponte P, Leavitt J, Shows T, Kedes L (1985). "Evolution of the functional human beta-actin gene and its multi-pseudogene family: conservation of noncoding regions and chromosomal dispersion of pseudogenes". Mol Cell Biology. 5 (10): 2720–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.5.10.2720. PMC 367010. PMID 3837182.
Snásel J, Pichová I (1997). "The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease". Folia Biologica. 42 (5): 227–30. doi:10.1007/BF02818986. PMID 8997639.
Gunning P, Weinberger R, Jeffrey P (Apr 1997). "Actin and tropomyosin isoforms in morphogenesis". Anatomy and Embryology. 195 (4): 311–5. doi:10.1007/s004290050050. PMID 9108196.
Kimura T, Hashimoto I, Nishikawa M, Fujisawa JI (1997). "A role for Rev in the association of HIV-1 gag mRNA with cytoskeletal beta-actin and viral protein expression". Biochimie. 78 (11–12): 1075–80. doi:10.1016/S0300-9084(97)86732-6. PMID 9150887.
Szentirmay MN, Sawadogo M (May 2000). "Spatial organization of RNA polymerase II transcription in the nucleus". Nucleic Acids Research. 28 (10): 2019–25. doi:10.1093/nar/28.10.2019. PMC 105382. PMID 10773068.
Anderson JL, Hope TJ (Apr 2004). "HIV accessory proteins and surviving the host cell". Current HIV/AIDS Reports. 1 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1007/s11904-004-0007-x. PMID 16091223.
Pederson T, Aebi U (Nov 2005). "Nuclear actin extends, with no contraction in sight". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 16 (11): 5055–60. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-07-0656. PMC 1266405. PMID 16148048.
Perrin BJ, Ervasti JM (Oct 2010). "The actin gene family: function follows isoform". Cytoskeleton. 67 (10): 630–4. doi:10.1002/cm.20475. PMC 2949686. PMID 20737541.
See also
Actin
ACTA1
v
t
e
PDB gallery
1atn: Atomic structure of the actin:DNASE I complex
1c0f: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DICTYOSTELIUM CAATP-ACTIN IN COMPLEX WITH GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1
1c0g: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1:1 COMPLEX BETWEEN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1 AND A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 228: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/E360H)
1d4x: Crystal Structure of Caenorhabditis Elegans Mg-ATP Actin Complexed with Human Gelsolin Segment 1 at 1.75 A resolution.
1dej: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 646: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/A231K/S232E/E360H) IN COMPLEX WITH HUMAN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1
1eqy: COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA-ACTIN: HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1
Ursolic acid inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo.
Xu CG, Zhu XL, Wang W, Zhou XJ.
Pharmaceutical biology. 2019 Dec;57(1)169-175.
Ursolic acid (UA; 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid), one of the pentacyclic triterpenoids found in various plants and herbs, possesses some beneficial effects under pathological conditions, including combating hepatic fibrosis. This study investigates the effects of UA on renal tubulointerstitial f
Expression of recombinant transglutaminase gene in Pichia pastoris and its uses in restructured meat products.
Yang X, Zhang Y.
Food chemistry. 2019 Sep;291()245-252.
Transglutaminase is an effective enzyme that catalyzes the crosslinking of various meats, improves meat product quality, and is widely used in the meat industry. In this study, microbial transglutaminase (MTG) was expressed successfully in Pichia pastoris strain GS115, and the enzyme activity was ap
The Smad2/3/4 complex binds miR-139 promoter to modulate TGFβ-induced proliferation and activation of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts through the Wnt pathway.
Deng M, Hou SY, Tong BD, Yin JY, Xiong W.
Journal of cellular physiology. 2019 Aug;234(8)13342-13352.
The activation and proliferation of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) play a vital role in the fibrosis in the pathology of the scar formation after the glaucoma filtration surgery. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)/Smads signaling has been reported to promote fibrosis. In our previous study, w
… By using an adenovirus (Ad) vector containing the cytomegalovirus enhancer/beta-actin (CA) promoters, we have developed an efficient transduction system for mouse mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells. …
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 70(12), 1333-1335, 2008-12-25
… The SART-1 and beta-actin genes were amplified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, using the isolated mRNA as a template. … Canine SART-1 was amplified in six of the seven specimens, while beta-actin was detected in all the samples. …
